Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 14;13:932343. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.932343. eCollection 2022.
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling by bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts, a process regulated in large part by osteocytes. Dysregulation of these coupled catabolic and anabolic processes as in the case of menopause, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anorexia nervosa, and chronic kidney disease is known to increase fracture risk. Recent advances in the field of bone cell metabolism and bioenergetics have revealed that maintenance of the skeleton places a high energy demand on these cells involved in bone remodeling. These new insights highlight the reason that bone tissue is the beneficiary of a substantial proportion of cardiac output and post-prandial chylomicron remnants and requires a rich supply of nutrients. Studies designed for the specific purpose of investigating the impact of dietary modifications on bone homeostasis or that alter diet composition and food intake to produce the model can be found throughout the literature; however, confounding dietary factors are often overlooked in some of the preclinical models. This review will examine some of the common pre-clinical models used to study skeletal biology and its pathologies and the subsequent impact of various dietary factors on these model systems. Furthermore, the review will include how inadvertent effects of some of these dietary components can influence bone cell function and study outcomes.
骨骼是一种高度动态的组织，通过破骨细胞和成骨细胞进行持续的重塑，这个过程在很大程度上受到骨细胞的调节。这些偶联的分解代谢和合成代谢过程的失调，如绝经、2 型糖尿病、神经性厌食症和慢性肾病，已知会增加骨折风险。骨骼代谢和生物能量学领域的最新进展表明，维持骨骼对参与骨重塑的这些细胞有很高的能量需求。这些新的见解强调了一个原因，即骨组织是心脏输出和餐后乳糜微粒残体的一个重要受益部位，需要丰富的营养供应。旨在专门研究饮食改变对骨稳态的影响或改变饮食成分和食物摄入以产生模型的研究在文献中随处可见；然而，一些临床前模型往往忽略了混杂的饮食因素。本综述将检查一些用于研究骨骼生物学及其病理学的常见临床前模型，以及各种饮食因素对这些模型系统的后续影响。此外，该综述还将包括一些这些饮食成分的偶然影响如何影响骨细胞功能和研究结果。
