Motyl Katherine J, Guntur Anyonya R, Carvalho Adriana Lelis, Rosen Clifford J
1 Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA.
2 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA.
Toxicol Pathol. 2017 Oct;45(7):887-893. doi: 10.1177/0192623317737065. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Biological processes utilize energy and therefore must be prioritized based on fuel availability. Bone is no exception to this, and the benefit of remodeling when necessary outweighs the energy costs. Bone remodeling is important for maintaining blood calcium homeostasis, repairing micro cracks and fractures, and modifying bone structure so that it is better suited to withstand loading demands. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes are the primary cells responsible for bone remodeling, although bone marrow adipocytes and other cells may also play an indirect role. There is a renewed interest in bone cell energetics because of the potential for these processes to be targeted for osteoporosis therapies. In contrast, due to the intimate link between bone and energy homeostasis, pharmaceuticals that treat metabolic disease or have metabolic side effects often have deleterious bone consequences. In this brief review, we will introduce osteoporosis, discuss how bone cells utilize energy to function, evidence for bone regulating whole body energy homeostasis, and some of the unanswered questions and opportunities for further research in the field.
生物过程需要能量，因此必须根据燃料可用性进行优先级排序。骨骼也不例外，必要时进行重塑的益处超过了能量成本。骨重塑对于维持血钙稳态、修复微裂纹和骨折以及改变骨骼结构以更好地承受负荷需求非常重要。破骨细胞、成骨细胞和骨细胞是负责骨重塑的主要细胞，尽管骨髓脂肪细胞和其他细胞也可能起间接作用。由于这些过程有可能成为骨质疏松症治疗的靶点，人们对骨细胞能量学重新产生了兴趣。相比之下，由于骨骼与能量稳态之间的密切联系，治疗代谢疾病或有代谢副作用的药物往往会对骨骼产生有害影响。在这篇简短的综述中，我们将介绍骨质疏松症，讨论骨细胞如何利用能量发挥功能，骨调节全身能量稳态的证据，以及该领域一些未解决的问题和进一步研究的机会。
