ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
J Infect Public Health. 2022 Sep;15(9):942-949. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.07.010. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral zoonotic disease that has been found in several countries of Asia and is responsible for high mortality and morbidity of men and animals in rural and sub-urban endemic areas due to the virus re-circulation among diverse hosts and vectors. The present study estimates the prevalence of the JE virus in the vector and animal population of the Asian continent using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Cochran collaborators' Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis [PRISMA] guidelines were used for systematic review and meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was observed in meta-regression analysis due to several factors including region, species, and different diagnostic assays used in various studies. Thus we did sensitivity and subgroup analysis.
The prevalence of the JE virus was calculated using a total sample size of 47,391. Subgroup analysis revealed the JE virus prevalence of 39% in the Southeast Asia region, followed by East Asia with 35% and South Asia with 15% prevalence. Hence, the overall pooled prevalence of the JE virus was 26% in the Asian continent.
The highest proportion of infection was found in pigs amongst all animals, reinforcing the fact that they can be used as sentinels to predict outbreaks in humans. The findings of this study will enable researchers and policymakers in better understanding the disease's spatial and temporal distribution, as well as in creating and implementing location-specific JE prevention and control measures.
日本脑炎（JE）是一种病毒性人畜共患病，已在亚洲多个国家发现，由于病毒在不同宿主和媒介之间的循环，导致农村和郊区流行地区的人和动物死亡率和发病率很高。本研究使用系统评价和荟萃分析估计亚洲大陆媒介和动物种群中日本脑炎病毒的流行情况。
采用 Cochrane 协作组系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析。由于包括地区、物种和不同研究中使用的不同诊断检测方法在内的多种因素，在荟萃回归分析中观察到异质性。因此，我们进行了敏感性和亚组分析。
使用 47391 个总样本量计算了日本脑炎病毒的流行率。亚组分析显示，东南亚地区日本脑炎病毒的流行率为 39%，其次是东亚地区为 35%，南亚地区为 15%。因此，亚洲大陆日本脑炎病毒的总体合并流行率为 26%。
在所有动物中，猪的感染比例最高，这一事实强化了它们可以作为预测人类疫情的哨点动物的观点。本研究的结果将使研究人员和政策制定者更好地了解疾病的时空分布，并有助于制定和实施针对特定地点的日本脑炎预防和控制措施。
