Muscles & Movement, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium.
J Morphol. 2022 Sep;283(9):1273-1284. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21501. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
In this study, we investigate the branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb by performing detailed dissections of five unembalmed nonhuman primate specimens belonging to five different species, that is, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and bonobo (Pan paniscus). Results are compared with five embalmed human specimens (Homo sapiens), and anatomical data of previous studies on nonhuman primates are also included to provide a broader comparative framework. The results show that the overall configuration of the forelimb blood vessels and nerves of the different primate species is similar, although some apparent interspecific differences are found. In all nonhuman primates, in contrast to humans, the superficial vena basilica is absent. Moreover, in gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo, the superficial vena cephalica is confined to the forearm. In humans, both an arteria interossea anterior and posterior are present, while in nonhuman primates, only an arteria interossea anterior is present, which migrates to the posterior side at the level of the musculus pronator quadratus. For the innervation, the nervus (n.) medianus and n. ulnaris connect in the forearm of the gorilla and macaque. In the gibbon, the brachial plexus shows some differences in the branching pattern at the fasciculus level compared to the other primates. We conclude that the forelimb innervation branching pattern shows some minor differences between the nonhuman primate species, compared to higher plasticity in the vascularization. However, the exact functional implications of these differences still remain unclear. Therefore, more research on a broader range of primate species and sampling more specimens for each taxon are needed.
在这项研究中，我们通过对属于五个不同物种的五个未经防腐处理的非人类灵长类标本进行详细解剖，研究了灵长类前肢的血管生成和神经支配的分支模式，这五个物种分别是猕猴（Macaca mulatta）、白掌长臂猿（Hylobates lar）、西部大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla）、黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）和倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）。我们将结果与五个经过防腐处理的人类标本（Homo sapiens）进行了比较，同时还纳入了先前关于非人类灵长类动物的解剖学数据，以提供更广泛的比较框架。结果表明，不同灵长类物种的前肢血管和神经的整体结构相似，尽管存在一些明显的种间差异。与人类不同，在所有非人类灵长类动物中，都不存在浅表基底静脉。此外，在大猩猩、黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩中，浅表头静脉仅限于前臂。在人类中，既有前骨间动脉，也有后骨间动脉，而在非人类灵长类动物中，只有前骨间动脉，该动脉在旋前圆肌水平迁移到后侧。在神经支配方面，正中神经（n. medianus）和尺神经（n. ulnaris）在大猩猩和猕猴的前臂处相连。在长臂猿中，与其他灵长类动物相比，臂丛在神经束水平上的分支模式存在一些差异。我们得出结论，与血管生成相比，前肢神经支配的分支模式在非人类灵长类动物之间存在一些较小的差异。然而，这些差异的确切功能意义仍不清楚。因此，需要对更广泛的灵长类物种进行更多的研究，并为每个分类群采集更多的标本。
