Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
J Dent Res. 2022 Oct;101(11):1299-1306. doi: 10.1177/00220345221110196. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Advances in high-throughput technologies and the generation of multiomics, such as genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, are paving the way for the biological risk stratification and prediction of oral diseases. When integrated with electronic health records, survey, census, and/or epidemiologic data, multiomics are anticipated to facilitate data-driven precision oral health, or the delivery of the right oral health intervention to the right individuals/populations at the right time. Meanwhile, multiomics may be modified by a multitude of social exposures, cumulatively along the life course and at various time points from conception onward, also referred to as the . For example, adverse exposures, such as precarious social and living conditions and related psychosocial stress among others, have been linked to specific genes being switched "on and off" through epigenetic mechanisms. These in turn are associated with various health conditions in different age groups and populations. This article argues that considering the impact of the socio-exposome in the biological profiling for precision oral health applications is necessary to ensure that definitions of biological risk do not override social ones. To facilitate the uptake of the socio-exposome in multiomics oral health studies and subsequent interventions, 3 pertinent facets are discussed. First, a summary of the epigenetic landscape of oral health is presented. Next, findings from the nondental literature are drawn on to elaborate the pathways and mechanisms that link the socio-exposome with gene expression-or the biological embedding of social experiences through epigenetics. Then, methodological considerations for implementing social epigenomics into oral health research are highlighted, with emphasis on the implications for study design and interpretation. The article concludes by shedding light on some of the current and prospective opportunities for social epigenomics research applied to the study of life course oral epidemiology.
高通量技术的进步和多组学的产生，如基因组、表观基因组、转录组和代谢组学数据，为口腔疾病的生物学风险分层和预测铺平了道路。当与电子健康记录、调查、普查和/或流行病学数据相结合时，多组学有望促进数据驱动的精准口腔健康，或者在适当的时间向适当的个体/人群提供适当的口腔健康干预措施。同时，多组学可能会受到多种社会暴露的影响，这些暴露会沿着生命过程累积，并在从受孕开始的不同时间点发生，也被称为。例如，不利的暴露，如不稳定的社会和生活条件以及相关的心理社会压力等，已经通过表观遗传机制与特定基因的“开启和关闭”联系起来。这些反过来又与不同年龄组和人群的各种健康状况有关。本文认为，在精准口腔健康应用的生物学分析中考虑社会外显组的影响是必要的，以确保生物学风险的定义不会超过社会风险的定义。为了促进多组学口腔健康研究中社会外显组的应用和随后的干预，讨论了三个相关方面。首先，本文介绍了口腔健康的表观遗传景观。其次，借鉴非牙科文献中的发现，详细阐述了将社会外显组与基因表达或通过表观遗传学将社会经验生物学嵌入的途径和机制联系起来的途径和机制。然后，强调了将社会表观基因组学纳入口腔健康研究中的方法学考虑因素，重点是对研究设计和解释的影响。本文最后探讨了一些当前和未来的机会，用于将社会表观基因组学应用于生命过程口腔流行病学研究。
