Moraleva A A, Deryabin A S, Rubtsov Yu P, Rubtsova M P, Dontsova O A
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
Acta Naturae. 2022 Apr-Jun;14(2):39-49. doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.11541.
Ribosome biogenesis is consecutive coordinated maturation of ribosomal precursors in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm. The formation of mature ribosomal subunits involves hundreds of ribosomal biogenesis factors that ensure ribosomal RNA processing, tertiary structure, and interaction with ribosomal proteins. Although the main features and stages of ribosome biogenesis are conservative among different groups of eukaryotes, this process in human cells has become more complicated due to the larger size of the ribosomes and pre-ribosomes and intricate regulatory pathways affecting their assembly and function. Many of the factors involved in the biogenesis of human ribosomes have been identified using genome-wide screening based on RNA interference. A previous part of this review summarized recent data on the processing of the primary rRNA transcript and compared the maturation of the small 40S subunit in yeast and human cells. This part of the review focuses on the biogenesis of the large 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes.
核糖体生物合成是核糖体前体在核仁、核质和细胞质中连续且协调的成熟过程。成熟核糖体亚基的形成涉及数百种核糖体生物合成因子，这些因子确保核糖体RNA的加工、三级结构以及与核糖体蛋白的相互作用。尽管核糖体生物合成的主要特征和阶段在不同真核生物群体中是保守的，但由于核糖体和前核糖体的尺寸更大以及影响其组装和功能的复杂调控途径，人类细胞中的这一过程变得更加复杂。许多参与人类核糖体生物合成的因子已通过基于RNA干扰的全基因组筛选得以鉴定。本综述的前一部分总结了关于初级rRNA转录本加工的最新数据，并比较了酵母和人类细胞中小40S亚基的成熟过程。本综述的这一部分聚焦于真核生物核糖体大亚基60S的生物合成。
