Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 15;931:175171. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175171. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
Depression is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder mainly orchestrated by dysfunction of neuroendocrine, neurochemical, immune, and metabolic systems. The interconnection of gut microbiota perturbation with the central nervous system disorders has been well documented in recent times. Indeed, alteration of commensal intestinal microflora is noted in several psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, which are presumed to be routed through the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, endocrine, and immune system. This review summarises the new mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbiota and brain involved in the management of depression. Depression-induced changes in the commensal intestinal microbiota are majorly linked with the disruption of gut integrity, hyperinflammation, and modulation of short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, kynurenine metabolites, endocannabinoids, brain-derived neurotropic factors, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut peptides. The restoration of gut microbiota with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and fermented foods (psychobiotics) has gained a considerable attention for the management of depression. Recent evidence also propose the role of gut microbiota in the process of treatment-resistant depression. Thus, remodeling of the microbiota-gut-brain axis using psychobiotics appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for the reversal of psychiatric disorders, and it is imperative to decipher the underlying mechanisms for gut-brain crosstalk.
抑郁症是一种多方面的精神障碍，主要由神经内分泌、神经化学、免疫和代谢系统的功能障碍所调控。近年来，肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统紊乱之间的相互联系已经得到了充分的证明。事实上，在几种精神疾病中，如焦虑和抑郁症，已经注意到共生肠道微生物群的改变，这些疾病被认为是通过肠神经系统、自主神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统发生的。这篇综述总结了肠道微生物群与大脑之间相互作用的新机制，这些机制与抑郁症的治疗有关。抑郁引起的共生肠道微生物群的变化主要与肠道完整性的破坏、过度炎症和短链脂肪酸、神经递质、犬尿氨酸代谢物、内源性大麻素、脑源性神经营养因子、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和肠道肽的调节有关。用益生元、益生菌、后生元、合生元和发酵食品（心理益生菌）来恢复肠道微生物群，已经引起了人们对抑郁症管理的相当关注。最近的证据还提出了肠道微生物群在治疗抵抗性抑郁症中的作用。因此，使用心理益生菌来重塑微生物群-肠道-大脑轴似乎是一种有前途的治疗精神疾病的方法，必须揭示肠道-大脑相互作用的潜在机制。
