Tian Tian, Qiao Shuya, Tannous Bakhos A
Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 Jan 11;15(1):182-199. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c07981. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）能够双向穿梭各种生物活性物质穿过血脑屏障（BBB），为中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的诊断和治疗开辟了新的领域。然而，基于EV的诊疗方法的临床转化仍然具有挑战性，这是因为在实现具有卓越成像/治疗潜力的有效EV工程、针对小样本量的超灵敏EV检测以及EV的扩大规模和标准化生产方面存在困难。在过去十年中，纳米技术的不断进步为EV工程和分析提供了广泛的概念和策略，这激发了EV在CNS疾病中的应用。在此，我们将综述现有的具有改善的CNS疾病诊断和治疗功效的EV-纳米材料混合系统类型。还将总结纳米材料和纳米结构在EV生产、分离和分析中的最新进展。此外，还将讨论纳米技术与微流体技术在用于CNS疾病的集成EV工程和液体活检方面的融合。
