Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Cell. 2022 Aug 4;185(16):2853-2878. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010.
The surprising discovery that the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO) is generated by mammalian cells and serves to regulate a multitude of physiological processes has continued to fascinate biologists for almost four decades. The biochemistry of NO is complex, and novel insights into the control of NO biosynthesis and mechanisms of signal transduction are continuously emerging. NO is a key regulator of cardiovascular function, metabolism, neurotransmission, immunity, and more, and aberrant NO signaling is a central feature of many major disorders including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Here, we discuss the basics of NO biology emphasizing recent advances in the field including novel means of increasing NO bioactivity with therapeutic and nutritional implications.
令人惊讶的发现，双原子气体一氧化氮（NO）是由哺乳动物细胞产生的，用于调节多种生理过程。这一发现已经令生物学家着迷了近 40 年。NO 的生物化学非常复杂，关于其生物合成的控制和信号转导机制的新见解不断涌现。NO 是心血管功能、代谢、神经传递、免疫等的关键调节剂，异常的 NO 信号是包括心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症在内的许多主要疾病的一个核心特征。在这里，我们讨论了 NO 生物学的基础知识，强调了该领域的最新进展，包括具有治疗和营养意义的提高 NO 生物活性的新方法。
