Section of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Oslo, Norway.
Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Dec;26(12):6995-7009. doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04655-y. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
To investigate the effect of inclusion of silver nano-particles (SNP) or bioactive glass (BG) on the surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of prototype tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based cements alongside two commercial cements, under different aging periods and exposure conditions.
A basic formulation of radio-opacified TCS without (TZ-base) and with additions of SNP (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/ml) or BG (10 or 20%) was used. Biodentine and intermediate restorative material (IRM) served as reference materials. Material disks were immersed in ultrapure water or fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 1, 7, or 28 days. Surface roughness (n = 3), microhardness (n = 9), and wettability (n = 6) were analyzed by standard procedures. Adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy (n = 5). Data from these assays were evaluated for normality and comparisons among groups were conducted with statistical procedures (p < 0.05 for significance).
The surface morphology of SNP- and BG-containing cements had higher roughness values than TZ-base after 28 days (p < 0.05). No differences in microhardness were observed among prototype cements (p > 0.05). Biodentine presented smooth surface characteristics and the highest hardness values (p < 0.05). The FBS-immersion resulted in surface reactions in prototype materials and Biodentine, depicted with scanning electron microscopy. All 1- and 7-day prototype cements showed negligible bacterial adhesion, while in Biodentine and IRM, noticeable E. faecalis adherence was observed from day 1 (p < 0.05).
Incorporation of SNP or BG did not improve the antibacterial effect of the experimental cement; all 28-day aged materials failed to inhibit bacterial adherence. The measured physical parameters did not appear to be related to the degree of bacterial adhesion. Exposure of TCS-based cements in FBS resulted in surface reactions, which did not affect bacterial adhesion.
Changes in the surface characteristics of prototype TCS-based cements by inclusion of SNP and BG or exposure to different environments did not affect bacterial adhesion. All experimental materials showed inferior physical properties and higher antibacterial effect than Biodentine.
研究在不同老化期和暴露条件下，原型硅酸三钙（TCS）基水泥中加入银纳米颗粒（SNP）或生物活性玻璃（BG）对其表面特性和细菌黏附的影响，同时与两种商业水泥进行比较。
使用一种不含（TZ 基）和添加 SNP（0.5、1 或 2mg/ml）或 BG（10 或 20%）的放射性不透射线 TCS 的基本配方。Biodentine 和中间修复材料（IRM）作为参考材料。将材料圆盘浸入超纯水或胎牛血清（FBS）中 1、7 或 28 天。通过标准程序分析表面粗糙度（n=3）、显微硬度（n=9）和润湿性（n=6）。通过荧光显微镜评估粪肠球菌的黏附（n=5）。通过正态性检验评估这些检测的数据，然后用统计学程序对组间进行比较（p<0.05 表示差异显著）。
在 28 天后，含 SNP 和 BG 的水泥的表面形态比 TZ 基具有更高的粗糙度值（p<0.05）。原型水泥之间的显微硬度没有差异（p>0.05）。Biodentine 呈现出光滑的表面特性和最高的硬度值（p<0.05）。FBS 浸泡导致原型材料和 Biodentine 表面发生反应，扫描电子显微镜显示。所有 1 天和 7 天的原型水泥显示出可忽略不计的细菌黏附，而在 Biodentine 和 IRM 中，从第 1 天就观察到明显的粪肠球菌黏附（p<0.05）。
SNP 或 BG 的加入并不能提高实验水泥的抗菌效果；所有 28 天老化的材料都未能抑制细菌黏附。测量的物理参数似乎与细菌黏附程度无关。TCS 基水泥在 FBS 中的暴露导致表面发生反应，但没有影响细菌黏附。
原型 TCS 基水泥中加入 SNP 和 BG 或暴露于不同环境引起的表面特性变化并不影响细菌黏附。所有实验材料的物理性能均劣于 Biodentine，但抗菌效果优于 Biodentine。
