Department of Social Welfare (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Department of Social Welfare, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, South Korea.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;22(1):1492. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13932-0.
A substantial proportion of the world's population experienced social, economic, and mental health challenges, including considerable changes in everyday life, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these challenges varied in intensity depending upon occupation type and working environment. In this context, this study helps shed light on the effects of occupation type on depression through the mediation of changes in daily life and anxiety as perceived by individual workers through their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In total, 68,207 adults (aged 19-65 years) working in the "office" or "service" sectors were analyzed based on the raw data extracted from the 2020 National Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Data analysis was performed using PROCESS Macro (Model 6) for SPSS 25 to examine how depression is affected by occupation type through a dual mediation of the changes in daily life and anxiety caused by COVID-19 as perceived by individual workers during the pandemic.
First, service workers perceived COVID-19-related changes in daily life more acutely than the office workers. Second, service workers felt more COVID-19-related anxiety than office workers, whereby the higher the level of COVID-19-related changes in daily life perceived by the workers, the higher the level of their COVID-19-related anxiety. Finally, service workers' perceived COVID-19-related changes in daily life more acutely than office workers, which had a positive effect on the level of COVID-19-related anxiety, ultimately increasing depression.
It was found that the impact of a special disaster situation, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on the perceived changes in daily life and anxiety varies depending on occupation type, which suggests that different occupations have different effects on mental health outcomes. This highlights the need to develop various customized services and policies to promote mental health according to the type of occupation, considering the working environment and work characteristics of those vulnerable to COVID-19 infection.
由于 COVID-19 大流行，世界上相当一部分人口在社会、经济和心理健康方面面临挑战，包括日常生活发生了相当大的变化。然而，这些挑战的强度因职业类型和工作环境而异。在这种情况下，通过个体工人在 COVID-19 大流行期间经历的感知，本研究有助于通过日常生活变化和焦虑的中介作用，揭示职业类型对抑郁的影响。
本研究共分析了来自韩国疾病控制与预防机构 2020 年全国社区健康调查的原始数据，该调查共纳入 68207 名 19-65 岁的“办公室”或“服务”行业的成年人。采用 SPSS25 中的 PROCESS Macro（模型 6）进行数据分析，以检验在大流行期间，个体工人感知到的 COVID-19 引起的日常生活变化和焦虑通过双重中介作用如何影响抑郁。
首先，服务行业工人比办公室工人更敏锐地感知到与 COVID-19 相关的日常生活变化。其次，服务行业工人比办公室工人感到更大的 COVID-19 相关焦虑，工人感知到的与 COVID-19 相关的日常生活变化水平越高，他们的 COVID-19 相关焦虑水平就越高。最后，服务行业工人比办公室工人更敏锐地感知到与 COVID-19 相关的日常生活变化，这对 COVID-19 相关焦虑水平有积极影响，最终导致抑郁程度增加。
发现特殊灾害情况（如 COVID-19 大流行）对日常生活变化和焦虑的感知影响因职业类型而异，这表明不同职业对心理健康结果的影响不同。这凸显了根据职业类型制定各种定制服务和政策以促进心理健康的必要性，同时要考虑到那些易感染 COVID-19 的人群的工作环境和工作特点。
