Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;22(1):1495. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13888-1.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the UK government enforcing lockdown restrictions to control virus transmission. Such restrictions present opportunities and barriers for physical activity and healthy eating. Emerging research suggests that in the early stages of the pandemic, physical activity levels decreased, consumption of unhealthy foods increased, while levels of mental distress increased. Our aims were to understand patterns of diet, physical activity, and mental health during the first lockdown, how these had changed twelve-months later, and the factors associated with change.
An online survey was conducted with UK adults (N = 636; 78% female) during the first national lockdown (May-June 2020). The survey collected information on demographics, physical activity, diet, mental health, and how participants perceived lifestyle behaviours had changed from before the pandemic. Participants who provided contact details were invited to complete a twelve-month follow-up survey (May-June 2021), 160 adults completed the survey at both time-points. Descriptive statistics, T-tests and McNemar Chi Square statistics were used to assess patterns of diet, physical activity, and mental health at baseline and change in behaviours between baseline and follow-up. Linear regression models were conducted to explore prospective associations between demographic and psycho-social variables at baseline with change in healthy eating habit, anxiety, and wellbeing respectively.
Between baseline and follow-up, healthy eating habit strength, and the importance of and confidence in eating healthily reduced. Self-rated health (positively) and confidence in eating healthily (negatively) were associated with change in healthy eating habit. There were no differences between baseline and follow-up for depression or physical activity. Mean anxiety score reduced, and wellbeing increased, from baseline to follow-up. Living with children aged 12-17 (compared to living alone) was associated with an increase in anxiety, while perceiving mental health to have worsened during the first lockdown (compared to staying the same) was associated with reduced anxiety and an increase in mental wellbeing.
While healthy eating habits worsened in the 12 months since the onset of the pandemic, anxiety and mental wellbeing improved. However, anxiety may have increased for parents of secondary school aged children.
新冠疫情大流行导致英国政府实施封锁限制以控制病毒传播。这些限制为体育活动和健康饮食提供了机会和障碍。新出现的研究表明，在大流行的早期阶段，体育活动水平下降，不健康食品的消费增加，而精神困扰水平上升。我们的目的是了解在第一次封锁期间的饮食、体育活动和心理健康模式，了解 12 个月后这些模式的变化，以及与变化相关的因素。
在第一次全国封锁期间（2020 年 5 月至 6 月），对英国成年人（N=636；78%为女性）进行了在线调查。该调查收集了有关人口统计学、体育活动、饮食、心理健康以及参与者如何感知大流行前生活方式行为变化的信息。提供联系方式的参与者被邀请参加为期 12 个月的随访调查（2021 年 5 月至 6 月），共有 160 名成年人在两个时间点完成了调查。使用描述性统计、T 检验和 McNemar Chi Square 统计数据评估基线时的饮食、体育活动和心理健康模式，以及基线与随访之间行为的变化。线性回归模型用于探索基线时人口统计学和心理社会变量与健康饮食习惯、焦虑和幸福感变化之间的前瞻性关联。
在基线和随访之间，健康饮食习惯的强度以及对健康饮食的重视程度和信心都有所下降。自我报告的健康状况（正向）和对健康饮食的信心（负向）与健康饮食习惯的变化有关。基线和随访之间，抑郁或体育活动没有差异。焦虑评分均值下降，幸福感从基线到随访有所增加。与独居相比，与 12-17 岁的儿童一起生活与焦虑增加有关，而与保持不变相比，认为心理健康在第一次封锁期间恶化与焦虑降低和心理健康幸福感增加有关。
虽然自大流行开始以来的 12 个月内健康饮食习惯恶化，但焦虑和心理健康状况有所改善。然而，中学年龄段孩子的父母可能会增加焦虑。
