Brand Ralf, Timme Sinika, Nosrat Sanaz
Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 24;11:570567. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570567. eCollection 2020.
The governmental lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic have forced people to change their behavior in many ways including changes in exercise. We used the brief window of global lockdown in the months of March/April/May 2020 as an opportunity to investigate the effects of externally imposed restrictions on exercise-related routines and related changes in subjective well-being. Statistical analyses are based on data from 13,696 respondents in 18 countries using a cross-sectional online survey. A mixed effects modeling approach was used to analyze data. We tested whether exercise frequency before and during the pandemic would influence mood during the pandemic. Additionally, we used the COVID-19 pandemic data to build a prediction model, while controlling for national differences, to estimate changes in exercise frequency during similar future lockdown conditions depending on prelockdown exercise frequency. According to the prediction model, those who rarely exercise before a lockdown tend to increase their exercise frequency during it, and those who are frequent exercisers before a lockdown tend to maintain it. With regards to subjective well-being, the data show that those who exercised almost every day during this pandemic had the best mood, regardless of whether or not they exercised prepandemic. Those who were inactive prepandemic and slightly increased their exercise frequency during the pandemic, reported no change in mood compared to those who remained inactive during the pandemic. Those who reduced their exercise frequency during the pandemic reported worse mood compared to those who maintained or increased their prepandemic exercise frequency. This study suggests that under similar lockdown conditions, about two thirds of those who never or rarely exercise before a lockdown might adopt an exercise behavior or increase their exercise frequency. However, such changes do not always immediately result in improvement in subjective well-being. These results may inform national policies, as well as health behavior and exercise psychology research on the importance of exercise promotion, and prediction of changes in exercise behavior during future pandemics.
与新冠疫情相关的政府封锁措施迫使人们在许多方面改变行为，包括运动习惯的改变。我们利用2020年3月/4月/5月全球封锁这一短暂时期，来研究外部施加的限制对与运动相关的日常活动以及主观幸福感相关变化的影响。统计分析基于18个国家13696名受访者的横断面在线调查数据。采用混合效应建模方法进行数据分析。我们测试了疫情前和疫情期间的运动频率是否会影响疫情期间的情绪。此外，我们利用新冠疫情数据建立了一个预测模型，同时控制国家差异，以估计在未来类似封锁情况下，根据封锁前的运动频率，运动频率的变化情况。根据预测模型，在封锁前很少运动的人在封锁期间往往会增加运动频率，而在封锁前经常运动的人则倾向于保持运动频率。关于主观幸福感，数据显示，在疫情期间几乎每天都运动的人情绪最好，无论他们在疫情前是否运动。在疫情前不运动且在疫情期间运动频率略有增加的人，与在疫情期间仍不运动的人相比，情绪没有变化。在疫情期间运动频率降低的人，与保持或提高疫情前运动频率的人相比，情绪更差。这项研究表明，在类似的封锁条件下，约三分之二在封锁前从不或很少运动的人可能会采取运动行为或增加运动频率。然而，这种变化并不总是能立即带来主观幸福感的提升。这些结果可能为国家政策以及健康行为和运动心理学研究提供参考，涉及运动促进的重要性以及未来疫情期间运动行为变化的预测。
