Venegas Alexandra, Du Han, Cooper Ziva D, Ray Lara A
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Addict Behav. 2022 Dec;135:107443. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107443. Epub 2022 Jul 26.
Cannabis and alcohol co-use is highly prevalent and confers a host of risk factors that outweigh those related to the use of either substance alone. However, few studies have examined associations between varying levels of co-use intensity (i.e., frequency) and clinical variables. The present study characterizes the effects of co-use across varying levels of cannabis use frequency in a large sample of heavy drinkers.
Comparisons among co-use groups (i.e., no, light-to-moderate, and moderate-to-heavy cannabis use; N = 863; 33.95 % female) on demographic and clinical variables consisted of one-way analyses of variance for continuous outcomes or Chi-Square tests for dichotomous outcomes. Multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to examine the relationship between demographic and clinical variables and co-use group membership. Multiple linear regression was used to explore associations among variables of interest and cannabis use days.
Despite relatively low levels of cannabis use overall in the present sample, younger age, identification with male gender, treatment seeking for AUD, and concurrent tobacco use were robust predictors of co-use. Individuals reporting more frequent cannabis use also reported increased levels of alcohol craving and more heavy drinking days, as compared to those who reported fewer or no cannabis use days. Drinking days and treatment seeking for AUD significantly predicted increases in cannabis use days.
In clinical practice, younger age, male gender, and comorbid tobacco use represent identifiable risk factors for cannabis and alcohol co-use. While in treatment for AUD, reducing drinking days may be an intervention target to mitigate co-use.
大麻与酒精共同使用的情况非常普遍，且带来了一系列风险因素，这些风险因素超过了单独使用任何一种物质所带来的风险。然而，很少有研究考察不同程度的共同使用强度（即频率）与临床变量之间的关联。本研究在大量重度饮酒者样本中，描述了不同大麻使用频率水平下共同使用的影响。
对共同使用组（即不使用、轻度至中度使用、中度至重度使用大麻；N = 863；33.95%为女性）在人口统计学和临床变量上进行比较，连续结果采用单因素方差分析，二分结果采用卡方检验。多项逻辑回归模型用于检验人口统计学和临床变量与共同使用组成员之间的关系。多元线性回归用于探索感兴趣变量与大麻使用天数之间的关联。
尽管本样本中总体大麻使用水平相对较低，但年龄较小、男性身份认同、因酒精使用障碍寻求治疗以及同时使用烟草是共同使用的有力预测因素。与报告较少或不使用大麻天数的人相比，报告更频繁使用大麻的人也报告了更高水平的酒精渴望和更多的重度饮酒天数。饮酒天数和因酒精使用障碍寻求治疗显著预测了大麻使用天数的增加。
在临床实践中，年龄较小、男性身份以及合并使用烟草是大麻与酒精共同使用的可识别风险因素。在治疗酒精使用障碍时，减少饮酒天数可能是减轻共同使用的一个干预目标。
