Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia; National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia; Centre for Enzyme Research in Health and Diseases, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia; Centre for Enzyme Research in Health and Diseases, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia.
Phytomedicine. 2022 Oct;105:154359. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154359. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
Xanthorrhizol (XTZ), a bisabolene sesquiterpenoid, is abundantly found in the plant Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Traditionally, C. xanthorrhiza is widely used for the treatment of different health conditions, including common fever, infection, lack of appetite, fatigue, liver complaints, and gastrointestinal disorders. XTZ exhibits wide-ranging pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities, in addition to a protective effect on multiple organs. The present review provides detailed findings on the anticancer activities of XTZ and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Literature was searched systematically in main databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, with keywords "tumor AND xanthorrhizol" or "cancer AND xanthorrhizol".
Studies show that XTZ has preventive and therapeutic activities against different types of cancer, including breast, cervical, colon, liver, lung, oral and esophageal, and skin cancers. XTZ regulates multiple signaling pathways that block carcinogenesis and proliferation. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that XTZ targets different kinases, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis proteins, and transcription factors, leading to the suppression of angiogenesis, metastasis, and the activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
The potential anticancer benefits of XTZ recommend further in vivo studies against different types of cancer. Further, XTZ needs to be confirmed for its toxicity, bioavailability, protective, antifatigue, and energy booster activities. Future studies for the therapeutic development of XTZ may be directed to cancer-related fatigue.
姜黄素（XTZ）是一种倍半萜烯类化合物，在植物莪术 Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb 中含量丰富。传统上，莪术被广泛用于治疗各种健康状况，包括普通发热、感染、食欲不振、疲劳、肝脏疾病和胃肠道疾病。XTZ 具有广泛的药理活性，除了对多种器官具有保护作用外，还具有抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和抗糖尿病活性。本综述提供了关于 XTZ 的抗癌活性及其潜在的细胞和分子机制的详细研究结果。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南，在主要数据库中系统地搜索文献，关键词为“肿瘤 AND 姜黄素”或“癌症 AND 姜黄素”。
研究表明，XTZ 对不同类型的癌症具有预防和治疗作用，包括乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠癌、肝癌、肺癌、口腔癌和食管癌以及皮肤癌。XTZ 调节多种信号通路，阻止癌变和增殖。体外和体内研究表明，XTZ 靶向不同的激酶、炎症细胞因子、凋亡蛋白和转录因子，从而抑制血管生成、转移，并激活细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞。
XTZ 的潜在抗癌益处表明需要进一步开展针对不同类型癌症的体内研究。此外，需要对 XTZ 的毒性、生物利用度、保护作用、抗疲劳和能量增强作用进行确认。未来的研究可能会针对癌症相关疲劳来开发 XTZ 的治疗方法。
