Puerta-Guardo Henry, Parra-Cardeña Manuel, Peña-Miranda Fernando, Flores-Quintal Felipe, Granja-Pérez Pilar, Villanueva-Jorge Salha, González-Losa Refugio, Conde-Ferraez Laura, Gómez-Carballo Jesus, Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo, Earnest James T, Manrique-Saide Pablo, Ayora-Talavera Guadalupe
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 22;9:916241. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916241. eCollection 2022.
Several vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been approved for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Antibody response is essential to understand the immune response to different viral targets after vaccination with different vaccine platforms. Thus, the main aim of this study was to describe how vaccination with two distinct SARS-CoV-2 vaccine preparations elicit IgG antibody specific responses against two antigenically relevant SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins: the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the full-length spike (S). To do so, SARS-CoV-2 protein specific in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were standardized and tested against serum samples collected from 89 adults, recipients of either a single-dose of the Spike-encoding mRNA-based Pfizer/BioNTech (Pf-BNT) (70%, 62/89) or the Spike-encoding-Adenovirus-5-based CanSino Biologics Inc. (CSBIO) (30%, 27/89) in Merida, Mexico. Overall, we identified an IgG seroconversion rate of 88% (68/78) in all vaccinees after more than 25 days post-vaccination (dpv). Anti-RBD IgG-specific responses ranged from 90% (46/51) in the Pf-BNT vaccine at 25 dpv to 74% (20/27) in the CSBIO vaccine at 42 dpv. Compared to the S, the RBD IgG reactivity was significantly higher in both Pf-BNT ( < 0.004) and CSBIO ( < 0.003) vaccinees. Interestingly, in more than 50% of vaccine recipients, with no history of COVID-19 infection, antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein were detected. Thus, participants were grouped either as naïve or pre-exposed vaccinees. Seroconversion rates after 25 and more dpv varies between 100% in Pf-BNT (22/22) and 75% (9/12) in CSBIO pre-exposed vaccinees, and 89% (26/29) and 73% (11/15) in Pf-BNT and CSBIO naïve vaccine recipients, respectively. In summary, observed seroconversion rates varied depending on the type of vaccine, previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the target viral antigen. Our results indicate that both vaccine preparations can induce detectable levels of IgG against the RBD or Spike in both naïve and SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposed vaccinees. Our study provides valuable and novel information about the serodiagnosis and the antibody response to vaccines in Mexico.
几种针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的疫苗已获批准，用于在全球范围内控制2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。抗体反应对于了解接种不同疫苗平台后针对不同病毒靶点的免疫反应至关重要。因此，本研究的主要目的是描述用两种不同的SARS-CoV-2疫苗制剂进行接种如何引发针对两种抗原相关的SARS-CoV-2病毒蛋白的IgG抗体特异性反应：受体结合域（RBD）和全长刺突蛋白（S）。为此，对SARS-CoV-2蛋白特异性的内部酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）进行了标准化，并针对从89名成年人中收集的血清样本进行了检测，这些成年人是墨西哥梅里达市单剂量基于编码刺突蛋白的mRNA的辉瑞/ BioNTech（Pf-BNT）（70%，62/89）或基于编码刺突蛋白的腺病毒5的康希诺生物股份公司（CSBIO）（30%，27/89）的接种者。总体而言，我们发现所有接种者在接种后超过25天（dpv）的IgG血清转化率为88%（68/78）。抗RBD IgG特异性反应在接种25 dpv时的Pf-BNT疫苗中为90%（46/51），在接种42 dpv时的CSBIO疫苗中为74%（20/27）。与刺突蛋白（S）相比，RBD IgG反应性在Pf-BNT（<0.004）和CSBIO（<0.003）接种者中均显著更高。有趣的是，在超过50%无COVID-19感染史的疫苗接种者中，检测到了针对核衣壳（N）蛋白的抗体。因此，参与者被分为未接触过病毒的或预先接触过病毒的疫苗接种者。接种25天及更长时间后的血清转化率在Pf-BNT预先接触过病毒的疫苗接种者中为100%（22/22），在CSBIO预先接触过病毒的疫苗接种者中为75%（9/12），在Pf-BNT和CSBIO未接触过病毒的疫苗接种者中分别为89%（26/29）和73%（11/15）。总之，观察到的血清转化率因疫苗类型、先前是否感染过SARS-CoV-2以及目标病毒抗原而异。我们的结果表明，两种疫苗制剂均可在未接触过病毒的和预先接触过SARS-CoV-2的疫苗接种者中诱导出可检测水平的针对RBD或刺突蛋白的IgG。我们的研究提供了有关墨西哥血清学诊断和疫苗抗体反应的有价值的新信息。
