中国国内老年移民的健康状况和公共卫生教育：基于全国代表性调查的证据。
Health status and public health education for internal older migrants in China: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
机构信息
Nursing School of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 22;10:937361. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.937361. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Self-rated health has been widely used as a useful screening tool to subjectively evaluate individuals' health status. Under the context of the rapid growth of aging, there was a dramatic rapid expansion in internal older migrants in China. Serious concerns on the issues of health status continue to attract quite a lot of attention over the past decades. Public health education is one of the most important health care services and methods to improve individuals' health status. However, most previous studies focus on the utilization of public health services such as visiting to doctors, physical examination, and hospitalization. There was limited evidence on the self-rated health and public health education of older migrants.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to evaluate self-rated health and the associated determinants in older migrants, as well as to gain a deeper insight into the current status of public health education received by older migrants.
METHODS
We derived the data from the National Migrants Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitor Survey 2018, a cross-sectional study, for secondary analysis. Internal migrants aged 60 years old or over were included in the study. Self-rated health was the dependent variable, while sociodemographic characteristics were the independent variable. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by Stata 15.1.
RESULTS
A total of 5,589 older migrants were included in the study. Eighty-two percentage of older migrants reported healthy self-rated health. There was a significant association between age, gender, minzu, education level, monthly income, public health education, and self-rated health ( < 0.5). However, the proportion of older migrants that received specific public health education was <50%. The most common approach to receiving public health education was through the leaflet, while <20% of older migrants received public health education through public consultation and one-to-one education.
CONCLUSIONS
It was necessary to promote the publicity of public health education in older migrants through easy access and diverse approaches in order to effectively spread health-related knowledge to older migrants to satisfy their health needs and maintain their health.
背景
自感健康已被广泛用作评估个体健康状况的有用筛查工具。在中国，老龄化呈快速增长态势，内部老年移民数量迅速增加。在过去几十年里，人们对他们的健康状况问题持续给予了高度关注。公共卫生教育是改善个体健康状况的最重要的卫生保健服务和方法之一。然而，大多数先前的研究都集中在公共卫生服务的利用上，如就医、体检和住院。关于老年移民的自感健康和公共卫生教育的证据有限。
目的
本研究旨在评估老年移民的自感健康及其相关决定因素，并深入了解老年移民接受的公共卫生教育现状。
方法
我们对 2018 年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查的二次分析数据进行了研究。该研究纳入了年龄在 60 岁及以上的内部移民。自感健康是因变量，而社会人口特征是自变量。采用 Stata 15.1 进行单变量和多变量分析。
结果
共有 5589 名老年移民纳入本研究。82%的老年移民报告自感健康状况良好。年龄、性别、民族、受教育程度、月收入、公共卫生教育与自感健康之间存在显著关联（<0.5）。然而，接受特定公共卫生教育的老年移民比例<50%。接受公共卫生教育最常见的方式是通过发放传单，而<20%的老年移民通过公共咨询和一对一教育接受公共卫生教育。
结论
为了有效向老年移民传播健康相关知识，满足他们的健康需求并维护他们的健康，有必要通过便捷和多样化的方式来推广老年移民的公共卫生教育。
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