Department of Psychiatry, SANKO University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Oct;39(10):1389-1398. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2109483. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
The primary aim of the current study was to examine the frequency of food addiction in a group of university students and whether it differed among chronotypes. The second aim was to investigate the relationship of chronotypes with impulsivity, poor sleep quality and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and to evaluate how this relationship affects food addiction. 328 university students were included in the study. Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 Short Form (BIS-11-SF), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered. Evening types scored significantly higher on ASRS and BIS-11 SF (p < .001, p < .001 respectively). Based on YFAS scores, 12.5% (n = 41) of the participants met the criteria for food addiction. The number of participants fulfilling the criteria for food addiction was higher among the evening types compared to intermediate and morning types (p = .006, p = .004, respectively). The mean ASRS and BIS-11 SF scores of the students who met the criteria for food addiction were significantly greater than those who did not (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). 63.4% (n = 26) of the students meeting the criteria for food addiction scored 6 or higher on PSQI versus 32.0% (n = 92) of the students who did not (p < .001). Mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of MEQ scores on food addiction was not significant (β = -0.009, p = .723). However, lower MEQ scores had an indirect effect on food addiction through higher ASRS scores (β = -0.027; p < .05 bias corrected and accelerated 95% CI -0.052 to -0.011). The results of the present study suggest that higher prevalence of food addiction among evening types seems to be related to higher occurrence of ADHD symptoms in these chronotypes. Further population-based studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
本研究的主要目的是检查一组大学生中食物成瘾的频率，以及其在不同昼夜型中的差异。第二个目的是研究昼夜型与冲动、睡眠质量差和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状的关系，并评估这种关系如何影响食物成瘾。共纳入 328 名大学生。采用成人注意缺陷/多动障碍自评量表（ASRS）、晨暮问卷（MEQ）、巴瑞特冲动量表-11 短式（BIS-11-SF）、耶鲁食物成瘾量表（YFAS）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）进行评估。晚型大学生在 ASRS 和 BIS-11-SF 上的得分显著更高（p<0.001，p<0.001）。根据 YFAS 评分，12.5%（n=41）的参与者符合食物成瘾的标准。与中间型和晨型相比，晚型中符合食物成瘾标准的参与者人数更多（p=0.006，p=0.004）。符合食物成瘾标准的学生的 ASRS 和 BIS-11-SF 平均分显著高于不符合标准的学生（p<0.001，p<0.001）。符合食物成瘾标准的 63.4%（n=26）的学生 PSQI 得分在 6 或以上，而不符合标准的学生中这一比例为 32.0%（n=92）（p<0.001）。中介分析显示，MEQ 评分对食物成瘾的直接影响不显著（β=-0.009，p=0.723）。然而，MEQ 评分越低，通过更高的 ASRS 评分对食物成瘾的间接影响越大（β=-0.027；p<0.05 偏倚校正和加速 95%置信区间为-0.052 至-0.011）。本研究的结果表明，晚型大学生中更高的食物成瘾患病率似乎与这些昼夜型中更高的 ADHD 症状发生率有关。需要进一步进行基于人群的、样本量更大的研究来证实我们的发现。
