Guo Jing, Wu Yaqiong, Jiang Mingjun, Wu Changfeng, Wang Guibin
Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China.
Food Res Int. 2022 Sep;159:111644. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111644. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a tree valued for the high medicinal and nutritional value of its leaves and seeds. However, the metabolite profiles of ginkgo leaves and seeds and their changes during development have not been comprehensively analyzed, which hinders improvements in the utilization of ginkgo. A comprehensive and systematic untargeted LC-MS metabolomics analysis of the metabolites in ginkgo leaves (male and female) and seeds at two developmental stages identified 8146 known metabolites, which mainly included lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, and benzenoids. Some of the identified metabolites have known healthcare and food value, and some of the others are newly discovered metabolites with potential for new drug development. The small number of differential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways between leaves of male and female gingko trees indicated that the developmental stage affected the metabolic pathways more significantly than sex. Among the flavonoid constituents of ginkgo, 653 flavonoid metabolites were identified, and these included some new flavonoid components, which confirmed that the developmental stage is a critical factor in secondary metabolite variations. This study illuminated the metabolites and medicinal and edible values of ginkgo leaves and seeds at different developmental stages and thus supports further effective utilization of ginkgo leaves and seeds.
银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）是一种因其叶子和种子具有高药用价值和营养价值而备受珍视的树木。然而，银杏叶和种子的代谢物谱及其在发育过程中的变化尚未得到全面分析，这阻碍了银杏利用率的提高。对银杏叶（雄株和雌株）和种子在两个发育阶段的代谢物进行全面系统的非靶向液相色谱-质谱代谢组学分析，共鉴定出8146种已知代谢物，主要包括脂质和类脂分子、苯丙烷类和聚酮类、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物、有机含氧化合物和苯类化合物。一些已鉴定的代谢物具有已知的保健和食品价值，其他一些则是新发现的具有新药开发潜力的代谢物。雄株和雌株银杏叶之间的京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）差异通路数量较少，表明发育阶段比性别对代谢通路的影响更为显著。在银杏的黄酮类成分中，鉴定出653种黄酮类代谢物，其中包括一些新的黄酮类成分，这证实了发育阶段是次生代谢物变化的关键因素。本研究阐明了银杏叶和种子在不同发育阶段的代谢物以及药用和食用价值，从而支持了对银杏叶和种子的进一步有效利用。
