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Racial and Ethnic Healthcare Disparities in Skin Cancer in the United States: A Review of Existing Inequities, Contributing Factors, and Potential Solutions.

作者信息

Shao Kimberly, Feng Hao

机构信息

Both authors are with the Department of Dermatology at University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.

出版信息

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2022 Jul;15(7):16-22.


DOI:
PMID:35942012
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9345197/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Racial and ethnic health disparities affect the diagnosis and management of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers, leading to deleterious outcomes. Non-Hispanic White patients make up the majority of skin cancers cases, yet racial and ethnic minorities have poorer prognoses and outcomes. The skin cancer literature is fragmented with regards to potential contributors to these healthcare disparities. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the skin cancer literature to briefly quantify racial and ethnic inequities, highlight contributing factors, and propose practical changes that can be made. METHODS: A PubMed search was completed to identify articles related to racial and ethnic health care disparities in the context of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. RESULTS: Relative to non-Hispanic White patients, patients of racial and ethnic minorities have differing clinical presentations of skin cancers and genetic risk factors. Insurance, access to specialty care, cultural beliefs, and available educational resources further contribute to racial and ethnic disparities. LIMITATIONS: We are limited to the level of detail provided in the existing literature, and at some times are unable to distinguish race of Hispanic populations. We also acknowledge that there are different nationalities grouped under these broad labels as well as multi-racial populations that may not be accounted for. CONCLUSION: Awareness of and familiarization with innate factors and potentially more modifiable contributors can help inform efforts to close the observed gap in racial and ethnic inequities.

摘要

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Underrepresented Minority Students Applying to Dermatology Residency in the COVID-19 Era: Challenges and Considerations.

Cutis. 2021-10

[2]
The role of race and ethnicity in the dermatology applicant match process.

J Natl Med Assoc. 2022-1

[3]
Evaluation of dermatologist performance in the 2017 merit-based incentive payment system based on patient social factors.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022-3

[4]
Geographic variation in reduced minority representation at dermatology clinics in the Medicare population.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021-2

[5]
Association of Racial/Ethnic and Gender Concordance Between Patients and Physicians With Patient Experience Ratings.

JAMA Netw Open. 2020-11-2

[6]
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Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020

[7]
The ongoing racial disparities in melanoma: An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975-2016).

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021-6

[8]
Poor melanoma outcomes and survival in Asian American and Pacific Islander patients.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021-6

[9]
Association of Age, Sex, Race, and Geographic Region With Variation of the Ratio of Basal Cell to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas in the United States.

JAMA Dermatol. 2020-11-1

[10]
The impact of demographics, socioeconomics, and health care access on melanoma outcomes.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021-6

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