Sparace S A, Reeleder R D, Khanizadeh S
Can J Microbiol. 1987 Apr;33(4):327-30. doi: 10.1139/m87-055.
Pyrenocine A, a phytotoxin produced by Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorenz, Walker and Larson, possesses general antibiotic activity against plants, fungi, and bacteria. Effective doses for 50% inhibition (ED50s) are 4 micrograms/mL for onion seedling elongation; 14, 20, 20, and 25 micrograms/mL for the germination of asexual spores of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, Mucor hiemalis, and Rhizopus stolonifer, respectively. Pyrenocine A also inhibits the linear mycelial growth of both P. terrestris and F. oxysporum with ED50s calculated as 77 and 54 micrograms/mL, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to pyrenocine A than Gram-negative bacteria. ED50s are estimated as 30, 45, and 200 micrograms/mL for the inhibition of growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, respectively, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to those concentrations tested. Pyrenocine A acts primarily as a biostatic rather than a biocidal agent with all organisms tested showing some degree of recovery when released from pyrenocine A. Pyrenocines B and C show little antibiotic activity in the bioassays performed.
吡咯菌素A是由土壤核盘菌（Hansen）Gorenz、Walker和Larson产生的一种植物毒素，对植物、真菌和细菌具有广泛的抗菌活性。对洋葱幼苗伸长的50%抑制有效剂量（ED50）为4微克/毫升；对尖孢镰刀菌洋葱专化型、腐皮镰刀菌豌豆专化型、冬毛霉和匍枝根霉无性孢子萌发的ED50分别为14、20、20和25微克/毫升。吡咯菌素A还抑制土壤核盘菌和尖孢镰刀菌的线性菌丝生长，计算出的ED50分别为77和54微克/毫升。革兰氏阳性菌比革兰氏阴性菌对吡咯菌素A更敏感。对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌生长抑制的ED50估计分别为30、45和200微克/毫升，而铜绿假单胞菌对所测试的这些浓度具有抗性。吡咯菌素A主要起抑菌作用而非杀菌作用，所有测试的生物体在从吡咯菌素A释放后都表现出一定程度的恢复。在进行的生物测定中，吡咯菌素B和C几乎没有抗菌活性。
