Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4115 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33617, USA.
Department of Behavioral Health, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Addict Behav. 2022 Dec;135:107456. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107456. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
Attentional bias (AB) is an individual difference risk factor that represents the extent to which cigarette cues capture one's attention. AB is typically indexed by mean bias score (MBS), theoretically assuming that AB is static. However, poor reliability of MBS has threatened valid interpretation of the results on AB. Based on observed trial-by-trial temporal fluctuation and variability of attentional allocation, trial-level bias score (TLBS) has been introduced as an alternative index with evidence of better psychometric properties in various populations, as compared to MBS. However, such evidence is limited among daily smokers. The current study aimed to replicate and extend extant findings in a sample of daily smokers by hypothesizing that TLBS, as compared to MBS, would demonstrate superior reliability and external validity.
Forty-eight daily smokers completed self-reports, ad-libitum smoking, and a dot-probe task three times, which was comprised of 36 pairs of pictorial stimuli of cigarette and neutral cues, yielding 144 total trials.
The TLBS demonstrated superior internal (range intra class correlation [ICC] = 0.79-0.95) and test-retest reliability (range ICC = 0.64-0.88) compared to MBS (range ICC = 0.31-0.40 and 0.06-0.16, respectively). However, few significant relations between either the MBS or TLBS and measures of biobehavioral and self-report indices of smoking reinforcement were observed.
The current findings demonstrate that TLBS, as compared to MBS, is a more reliable measure of AB among daily smokers, while evidence of its external validity is limited.
注意偏差（AB）是个体差异的风险因素，代表香烟线索吸引注意力的程度。AB 通常通过平均偏差分数（MBS）来表示，理论上假设 AB 是静态的。然而，MBS 的可靠性较差，这威胁到了对 AB 结果的有效解释。基于观察到的注意分配的逐次试验时间波动和可变性，试验水平偏差分数（TLBS）已被引入作为替代指标，与 MBS 相比，在各种人群中具有更好的心理测量特性的证据。然而，这种证据在日常吸烟者中是有限的。本研究旨在通过假设 TLBS 与 MBS 相比，在日常吸烟者样本中复制和扩展现有的发现，从而验证这一假设。
48 名每日吸烟者完成了自我报告、随意吸烟和点探测任务三次，其中包括 36 对香烟和中性线索的图片刺激，共产生 144 个总试验。
TLBS 与 MBS 相比，表现出更高的内部可靠性（范围组内相关系数 [ICC]为 0.79-0.95）和测试-重测可靠性（范围 ICC 为 0.64-0.88）。然而，MBS 或 TLBS 与生物行为和自我报告吸烟强化指标的测量之间几乎没有显著的关系。
目前的研究结果表明，与 MBS 相比，TLBS 是日常吸烟者中更可靠的 AB 测量方法，而其外部有效性的证据是有限的。
