Undergraduate Medical School, Três Lagoas Campus, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, Brazil.
Mobile Mental Health Unit of Chios, Child and Adolescent Center, Chios, Greece.
Psychiatriki. 2023 Mar 28;34(1):29-35. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2022.086. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
The prevalence of chronic diseases, especially depression, has been increasing worldwide. Health professionals have an important role in screening and early detection of the disorder, to prevent possible damage such as disability and dependence. With aging, sensory impairments can occur, such as visual and hearing losses, which can lead to isolation contributing to the development of depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms, social isolation, and self-perception of visual complaints and hearing loss in middle-aged and older adults. It was a cross-sectional quantitative study, in Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with 300 participants of both sexes, aged 45 years and over, registered in the Primary Health Care network. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data and the questions "Do you consider yourself socially isolated?", "Do you have a vision and/or a hearing problem capable of stopping you from performing a daily life activity?" and "If yes, do you use a hearing aid and/or glasses or contact lenses?". Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale with a cut-off score adapted for age. Data were analyzed with binary logistic regression, with the presence of depressive symptoms being the dependent variable. Values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The majority of the sample were women (65.7%), with an average age of 60.9 years, 56.7% were classified with depressive symptoms, 27.0% considered themselves socially isolated, 84.7% reported visual acuity loss (70.7% used glasses) and 17.3% reported hearing loss (2.3% used hearing aids). Social isolation (OR = 6.0), visual complaints (OR = 3.85), and hearing loss (OR = 4.67) were related to the presence of depressive symptoms. Moreover, being married (OR = 0.51) was a protective factor in these participants. The results showed the importance of early diagnosis of depressive symptoms. The correction of visual and hearing deficits is highlighted, as these may be related to symptoms of depression. Health professionals in Primary Health Care should be able to monitor depressive symptoms, visual and hearing complaints, and to promote social interaction.
慢性病，尤其是抑郁症的患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。健康专业人员在筛查和早期发现这种疾病方面发挥着重要作用，以预防残疾和依赖等可能的损害。随着年龄的增长，可能会出现感官障碍，如视力和听力损失，这可能导致孤立，从而导致抑郁症状的发展。本研究的目的是分析中年和老年人抑郁症状、社会隔离以及对视觉和听力抱怨的自我感知之间的关系。这是一项横断面定量研究，在巴西马托格罗索州的特雷斯拉戈斯进行，共有 300 名男女参与者，年龄在 45 岁及以上，登记在初级保健网络中。使用结构化问卷收集数据，问卷包括社会人口统计学数据以及以下问题：“您是否认为自己处于社会隔离状态？”、“您是否有视力和/或听力问题，这些问题可能会阻止您进行日常生活活动？”和“如果是，您是否使用助听器和/或眼镜或隐形眼镜？”。使用经过年龄调整的中心流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES-D）评估抑郁症状。采用二元逻辑回归分析，将出现抑郁症状作为因变量。p 值≤0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。样本中的大多数为女性（65.7%），平均年龄为 60.9 岁，56.7%的人被归类为有抑郁症状，27.0%的人认为自己处于社会隔离状态，84.7%的人报告视力下降（70.7%使用眼镜），17.3%的人报告听力损失（2.3%使用助听器）。社会隔离（OR=6.0）、视觉抱怨（OR=3.85）和听力损失（OR=4.67）与抑郁症状的出现有关。此外，已婚（OR=0.51）是这些参与者的保护因素。结果表明，早期诊断抑郁症状非常重要。突出了纠正视觉和听力缺陷的重要性，因为这些缺陷可能与抑郁症状有关。初级保健中的卫生专业人员应该能够监测抑郁症状、视觉和听力投诉，并促进社会互动。
