Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Aug 24;70(33):10209-10220. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03662. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Dairy milk, likely through its bioactive proteins, has been reported to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress responses implicated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, how its major proteins, whey and casein, alter metabolic excursions of the lipidome in persons with prediabetes is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whey or casein protein ingestion on glucose-induced alternations in lipidomic responses in adults (17 males and 6 females) with prediabetes. In this clinical study, participants consumed glucose alone, glucose + nonfat milk (NFM), or glucose with either whey (WHEY) or casein (CASEIN) protein, and plasma samples were collected at multiple time points. Lipidomics data from plasma samples was acquired using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based platform. Our results indicated that glucose ingestion alone induced the largest number of changes in plasma lipids. WHEY showed an earlier and stronger impact to maintain the stability of the lipidome compared with CASEIN. WHEY protected against glucose-induced changes in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid (SP) metabolism, while ether lipid metabolism and SP metabolism were the pathways most greatly impacted in CASEIN. Meanwhile, the decreased acyl carnitines and fatty acid (FA) 16:0 levels could attenuate lipid peroxidation after protein intervention to protect insulin secretory capacity. Diabetes-associated lipids, the increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 34:2 and decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC) 34:3 in the NFM-T, elevated PC 35:4 and decreased CE 18:1 to a CE 18:2 ratio in the WHEY-T, decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 22:6 and LPC 22:0/0:0 in the CASEIN-T, and decreased PE 36:1 in the CASEIN-T, indicating a decreased risk for prediabetes. Collectively, our study suggested that dairy milk proteins are responsible for the protective effect of non-fat milk on glucose-induced changes in the lipidome, which may potentially influence long-term CVD risk.
牛奶中的生物活性蛋白被报道可减轻与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的餐后高血糖引起的氧化应激反应。然而，其主要蛋白质乳清蛋白和酪蛋白如何改变糖尿病前期患者脂质组的代谢变化尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在研究乳清蛋白或酪蛋白摄入对糖尿病前期成年人（17 名男性和 6 名女性）葡萄糖诱导的脂质组学反应的影响。在这项临床研究中，参与者单独摄入葡萄糖、葡萄糖+脱脂牛奶（NFM）或葡萄糖加乳清（WHEY）或酪蛋白（CASEIN）蛋白，并在多个时间点采集血浆样本。使用超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱联用平台获得血浆样本的脂质组学数据。我们的结果表明，单独摄入葡萄糖会引起最多的血浆脂质变化。与 CASEIN 相比，WHEY 表现出更早和更强的影响，以维持脂质组的稳定性。WHEY 可防止葡萄糖诱导的甘油磷脂和鞘脂（SP）代谢变化，而醚脂代谢和 SP 代谢是 CASEIN 中受影响最大的途径。同时，蛋白质干预后降低酰基肉碱和脂肪酸（FA）16:0 水平可减轻脂质过氧化，从而保护胰岛素分泌能力。与糖尿病相关的脂质，NFM-T 中增加的磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）34:2 和降低的磷脂酰胆碱（PC）34:3，WHEY-T 中增加的 PC 35:4 和降低的 CE 18:1 与 CE 18:2 比值，CASEIN-T 中降低的溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）22:6 和 LPC 22:0/0:0，以及 CASEIN-T 中降低的 PE 36:1，表明糖尿病前期的风险降低。总的来说，我们的研究表明，牛奶蛋白是脱脂牛奶对葡萄糖诱导的脂质组变化具有保护作用的原因，这可能会潜在地影响长期 CVD 风险。
