Sipos Ferenc, Műzes Györgyi
Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary.
World J Stem Cells. 2022 Jun 26;14(6):365-371. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i6.365.
In a recent article, the authors provide a detailed summary of the characteristics and biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as a discussion on the potential mechanisms of action of MSC-based therapies. They describe the morphology, biogenesis, and current isolation techniques of exosomes, one of the most important fractions of the MSC-derived secretome. They also summarize the characteristics of MSC-derived exosomes and highlight their functions and therapeutic potential for tissue/organ regeneration and for kidney, liver, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as cutaneous wound healing. Despite the fact that MSCs are regarded as an important pillar of regenerative medicine, their regenerative potential has been demonstrated to be limited in a number of pathological conditions. The negative effects of MSC-based cell therapy have heightened interest in the therapeutic use of MSC-derived secretome. On the other hand, MSC-derived exosomes and microvesicles possess the potential to have a significant impact on disease development, including cancer. MSCs can interact with tumor cells and promote mutual exchange and induction of cellular markers by exchanging secretome. Furthermore, enzymes secreted into and activated within exosomes can result in tumor cells acquiring new properties. As a result, therapeutic applications of MSC-derived secretomes must be approached with extreme caution.
在最近的一篇文章中，作者详细总结了间充质干细胞（MSC）的特征和生物学功能，并讨论了基于MSC的疗法的潜在作用机制。他们描述了外泌体的形态、生物发生和当前的分离技术，外泌体是MSC分泌组中最重要的组分之一。他们还总结了MSC来源外泌体的特征，并强调了其在组织/器官再生以及肾脏、肝脏、心血管、神经和肌肉骨骼疾病以及皮肤伤口愈合方面的功能和治疗潜力。尽管MSC被视为再生医学的重要支柱，但在许多病理情况下，其再生潜力已被证明是有限的。基于MSC的细胞疗法的负面影响增加了人们对MSC分泌组治疗用途的兴趣。另一方面，MSC来源的外泌体和微泡有可能对包括癌症在内的疾病发展产生重大影响。MSC可以与肿瘤细胞相互作用，并通过交换分泌组促进细胞标志物的相互交换和诱导。此外，分泌到外泌体中并在其中激活的酶可导致肿瘤细胞获得新特性。因此，必须极其谨慎地对待MSC来源分泌组的治疗应用。
