Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 23;21(15):5241. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155241.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretome demonstrated therapeutic effects like those reported after MSCs transplantation. MSC-derived secretome may avoid various side effects of MSC-based therapy, comprising undesirable differentiation of engrafted MSCs and potential activation of the allogeneic immune response. MSC-derived secretome comprises soluble factors and encapsulated extravesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs comprise microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. In this review, we focus on the recent insights into the effects of MSC-derived secretome in Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, MSC-derived secretome and exosomal components counteracted neuroinflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity and neurotrophic factors expression. In light of the insights reported in this review, MSC-derived secretome or their released exosomes may be used as a potential therapeutic approach or as adjuvant therapy to counteract the disease progression and improve PD symptoms. Also, MSC-derived secretome may be used as a vehicle in cell transplantation approaches to enhance the viability and survival of engrafted cells. Furthermore, since exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, they may be used as biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the bioactive molecules present in the secretome and to create a new, effective, cell-free therapeutic approach towards a robust clinical outcome for PD patients.
间充质干细胞（MSC）衍生的 secretome 表现出与 MSC 移植后报道的类似的治疗效果。MSC 衍生的 secretome 可能避免了基于 MSC 治疗的各种副作用，包括植入的 MSCs 的不良分化和同种异体免疫反应的潜在激活。MSC 衍生的 secretome 包括可溶性因子和封装的外泌体（EVs）。MSC 衍生的 EVs 包括微泡、凋亡小体和外泌体。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 MSC 衍生的 secretome 在帕金森病（PD）中的最新作用。特别是，MSC 衍生的 secretome 和外泌体成分对抗神经炎症，增强抗氧化能力和神经营养因子表达。鉴于本综述中报道的见解，MSC 衍生的 secretome 或其释放的外泌体可作为一种潜在的治疗方法或辅助治疗方法，以对抗疾病进展并改善 PD 症状。此外，MSC 衍生的 secretome 可用作细胞移植方法中的载体，以提高植入细胞的活力和存活率。此外，由于外泌体可以穿过血脑屏障，因此它们可以用作神经功能障碍的生物标志物。需要进一步的研究来充分表征 secretome 中存在的生物活性分子，并创建一种新的、有效的、无细胞的治疗方法，以实现 PD 患者的强大临床结果。
