Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
Poult Sci. 2022 Oct;101(10):102039. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102039. Epub 2022 Jul 3.
Despite the existing research into the gut microbiome of meat chickens, the associations between gut microbiome composition, its activity and chicken outdoor ranging frequency remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota composition, activity and metabolic products in chickens of 2 different lines and 3 ranging profiles. Sixty non-beak trimmed birds, either Sasso or Green-legged Partridge were housed with access to outdoor ranges from wk. 5 to 10 of age. Outdoor ranges were video recorded to obtain frequencies of the birds' range use. The information about relative abundance of selected bacterial groups in the ceca including Lactobacillus spp., E. coli, Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium spp. was obtained with the PCR method. Gut microbiota activity was assessed based on the glycolytic activity of bacterial enzymes including, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase as well as based on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caecal digesta. Statistical analysis was conducted by generalized linear mixed models, applying the breed and ranging profile as fixed effects and pen as a random factor. The lowest relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was found in the cecal content of indoor-preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001), as compared to all other birds in the experiment (ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.07; P = 0.0002). The lowest relative abundance of E. coli was identified for all outdoor-preferring birds and indoor- preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001; P = 0.0087). Cecal activity of: α-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase was higher in Green-legged Partridges, as compared to Sasso (P = 0.013; P = 0.008; P = 0.004). Valeric acid concentrations were higher in moderate Green-legged Partridges than in Sasso of the same ranging profile (2.03 ± 0.16 vs. 1.5 ± 0.17; 0.016). The majority of the current results confirmed an effect of genotype and ranging profile on the various analyzed parameters. In outdoor-preferring birds, the consumption of pasture originating feed sources as a supplement to the indoor accessible cereal-based diet likely caused the positive effects on the birds' microbial profile.
尽管已经对肉鸡的肠道微生物组进行了研究，但肠道微生物组的组成、活性与鸡户外放养频率之间的关联仍未得到探索。本研究旨在确定 2 个不同品系和 3 种放养方式下鸡的肠道微生物群组成、活性和代谢产物。60 只非剪喙鸡，品系为 Sasso 或绿胫芦花鸡，从 5 周龄到 10 周龄时可自由进入户外放养区。通过视频记录户外放养区的使用频率，以获得鸡户外放养的频率。采用 PCR 法获得盲肠中包括乳酸菌属、大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌属和梭菌属等选定细菌群的相对丰度信息。肠道微生物群活性基于细菌酶的糖酵解活性进行评估，包括α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶和β-葡糖醛酸酶，以及盲肠消化物中的短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 浓度。统计分析采用广义线性混合模型，以品种和放养方式为固定效应，以围栏为随机因素。室内偏好的 Sasso 鸡盲肠内容物中双歧杆菌属的相对丰度最低（0.01±0.001），低于实验中的所有其他鸡（范围为 0.03±0.01 至 0.11±0.07；P=0.0002）。所有户外偏好的鸡和室内偏好的 Sasso 鸡的大肠杆菌相对丰度最低（0.01±0.001；P=0.0087）。与 Sasso 鸡相比，绿胫芦花鸡的盲肠α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡糖醛酸酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性更高（P=0.013；P=0.008；P=0.004）。中度绿胫芦花鸡的戊酸浓度高于相同放养方式的 Sasso 鸡（2.03±0.16 比 1.5±0.17；0.016）。目前的大部分结果证实了基因型和放养方式对各种分析参数的影响。在户外偏好的鸟类中，消耗以牧场为基础的饲料来源作为室内可获得的谷物基础日粮的补充，可能对鸟类的微生物群产生了积极影响。
