Swink Jacob M, Gilsenan William F
Brown Equine Hospital, 876 Stoystown Road, Somerset, PA 15501, USA.
Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, 2150 Georgetown Road, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2022 Aug;38(2):269-282. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.05.004.
Botulism and tetanus are the 2 primary manifestations of neurologic disease caused by clostridial toxins. Only a small dose of clostridial toxin is required to induce severe, and often fatal, disease. Consequently, definitive diagnosis of either disease is nearly impossible to achieve antemortem or postmortem; presumptive diagnosis is usually made based on physical and neurologic examination findings. Because the severity of clinical signs can worsen rapidly, prognosis worsens when therapeutic intervention is delayed. Highly effective vaccines are available against both botulism and tetanus and are critical in preventative approaches to control.
肉毒中毒和破伤风是由梭菌毒素引起的神经系统疾病的两种主要表现形式。只需少量梭菌毒素就能引发严重且往往致命的疾病。因此，在生前或死后几乎都无法做出这两种疾病的确切诊断；通常根据体格检查和神经检查结果做出推定诊断。由于临床症状的严重程度可能迅速恶化，治疗干预延迟会使预后变差。有针对肉毒中毒和破伤风的高效疫苗，它们在控制疾病的预防措施中至关重要。
