Fekrirad Zahra, Barzegar Behrooz Amir, Ghaemi Shokoofeh, Khosrojerdi Arezou, Zarepour Atefeh, Zarrabi Ali, Arefian Ehsan, Ghavami Saeid
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran 18735-136, Iran.
Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jul 29;14(15):3698. doi: 10.3390/cancers14153698.
Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy has seen little change over the past two decades. Surgical excision followed by radiation and chemotherapy is the current gold standard treatment. Immunotherapy techniques have recently transformed many cancer treatments, and GBM is now at the forefront of immunotherapy research. GBM immunotherapy prospects are reviewed here, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses. Various forms of nanomaterials to enhance immunotherapy effectiveness are also discussed. For GBM treatment and immunotherapy, we outline the specific properties of nanomaterials. In addition, we provide a short overview of several 3D (bio)printing techniques and their applications in stimulating the GBM microenvironment. Lastly, the susceptibility of GBM cancer cells to the various immunotherapy methods will be addressed.
在过去二十年里，胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的治疗方法变化甚微。目前的金标准治疗方案是手术切除，随后进行放疗和化疗。免疫治疗技术最近改变了许多癌症的治疗方式，GBM目前正处于免疫治疗研究的前沿。本文综述了GBM免疫治疗的前景，重点关注免疫检查点抑制剂和溶瘤病毒。还讨论了用于提高免疫治疗效果的各种形式的纳米材料。对于GBM治疗和免疫治疗，我们概述了纳米材料的具体特性。此外，我们简要介绍了几种3D（生物）打印技术及其在刺激GBM微环境中的应用。最后，将探讨GBM癌细胞对各种免疫治疗方法的敏感性。
