School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;19(15):9662. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159662.
To evaluate the impact of high-temperature environments on bus drivers' physiology and reaction times, and to provide a basis for driver occupational health management.
The physiological and reaction indexes of 24 bus drivers under different temperatures were investigated. The statistical analysis method was used to analyze the changes in drivers' physiological stress, the relationship between stress and response ability, and a safe driving time. The Kaplan-Meier survival function was used to analyze the survival rate of bus drivers under different temperatures and driving times.
The results showed that body temperature, heart rate, physiological strain index (), and reaction ability were significantly different among different compartment temperatures. was positively correlated with reaction ability. The safe driving time was 80 min, 73 min, and 53 min, respectively, at 32 °C, 36 °C, and 40 °C. The survival rate decreased to less than 60% at 36 °C when driving continuously for 73 min; it decreased to 20% at 40 °C when driving for 53 min, and it was 0 for 75 min.
High-temperature environments lead to heat stress of bus drivers, physiological indexes have changed significantly, and behavioral ability is also decreased. The higher the temperature, the lower the survival rate. Improvement measures can be taken from the aspects of convection, conduction, and behavior to ensure the bus driver's physiological health and driving safety under high temperatures and to improve the survival rate.
评估高温环境对公交车驾驶员生理和反应时间的影响，为驾驶员职业健康管理提供依据。
调查了 24 名公交车驾驶员在不同温度下的生理和反应指标。采用统计分析方法分析驾驶员生理应激变化、应激与反应能力的关系以及安全驾驶时间。采用 Kaplan-Meier 生存函数分析不同温度和驾驶时间下公交车驾驶员的生存率。
结果表明，不同车厢温度下体温、心率、生理应激指数（）和反应能力存在显著差异。与反应能力呈正相关。安全驾驶时间分别为 32°C 时 80 分钟、36°C 时 73 分钟和 40°C 时 53 分钟。连续驾驶 73 分钟时，36°C 时的生存率降至 60%以下；40°C 时降至 20%，53 分钟时降至 0。
高温环境导致公交车驾驶员热应激，生理指标明显变化，行为能力下降。温度越高，生存率越低。可以从对流、传导和行为等方面采取改进措施，确保高温下公交车驾驶员的生理健康和驾驶安全，提高生存率。
