Correia Isabel, Almeida Andreia E
Departamento de Psicologia Social e das Organizações, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 11;11:566139. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566139. eCollection 2020.
Burnout has been recognized as a serious health problem. In Portugal, before COVID-19 Pandemic, there were strong indicators of high prevalence of burnout in physicians and nurses. However, the Portuguese Health Care Service was able to efficiently respond to the increased demands. This study intends to understand how psychosocial variables might have been protective factors for burnout in physicians and nurses in Portugal. Specifically, we considered several psychosocial variables that have been found to be protective factors for burnout in previous research and we compared their predictive and unique impact in the prediction of burnout. These variables are perceptions of justice (distributive, procedural, justice from colleagues, justice from patients, and their families), professional identification, meaningful work and empathy. We also included workload, as a risk factor, and controlled other variables that can be confounds for burnout, such as socio-demographic variables, ideological variables (religiosity, political orientation), and specific variables related with COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of the present study is composed by 229 physicians (aged between 23 and 70 years old, = 36.54; = 10.72; 48% male and 52% female) and 268 nurses (aged between 22 and 69 years old, = 34.96; = 9.52; 27% male and 73% female). An online survey was created using Qualtrics and participants were recruited via Facebook and LinkedIn. The data were collected during 29 days (between the 45th and the 74th days after the first diagnosed case of COVID-19 in Portugal). The results showed that workload was a significant risk factor, except for disengagement in physicians. The most consistent protectors across samples were procedural justice (for both dimensions of burnout, both in physicians and nurses) and professional identification (for disengagement, both in physicians and nurses; for exhaustion only in physicians). This study suggests that decreasing workload and promoting procedural justice and professional identification are key factors that might be simultaneously and independently addressed in interventions for reducing the risk of burnout or preventing it from occurring in the first place.
职业倦怠已被公认为一个严重的健康问题。在葡萄牙，在新冠疫情之前，就有强有力的指标表明医生和护士中职业倦怠的高患病率。然而，葡萄牙医疗服务机构能够有效地应对增加的需求。本研究旨在了解心理社会变量如何可能成为葡萄牙医生和护士职业倦怠的保护因素。具体而言，我们考虑了先前研究中发现的几个职业倦怠保护因素的心理社会变量，并比较了它们在职业倦怠预测中的预测性和独特影响。这些变量包括公平感（分配公平、程序公平、同事的公平、患者及其家属的公平）、职业认同、有意义的工作和同理心。我们还纳入了工作量作为一个风险因素，并控制了其他可能混淆职业倦怠的变量，如社会人口统计学变量、意识形态变量（宗教信仰、政治取向）以及与新冠疫情相关的特定变量。本研究的样本由229名医生（年龄在23岁至70岁之间，平均年龄 = 36.54岁；标准差 = 10.72岁；48%为男性，52%为女性）和268名护士（年龄在22岁至69岁之间，平均年龄 = 34.96岁；标准差 = 9.52岁；27%为男性，73%为女性）组成。使用Qualtrics创建了一项在线调查，并通过脸书和领英招募参与者。数据在29天内收集（在葡萄牙首例新冠确诊病例后的第45天至第74天之间）。结果表明，除了医生的玩世不恭维度外，工作量是一个显著的风险因素。样本中最一致的保护因素是程序公平（对职业倦怠的两个维度，在医生和护士中均如此）和职业认同（对玩世不恭维度，在医生和护士中均如此；对疲惫维度仅在医生中如此）。本研究表明，减少工作量以及促进程序公平和职业认同是关键因素，在降低职业倦怠风险或首先预防其发生的干预措施中，可以同时且独立地加以解决。
