Vitamin D-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms as Risk Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. In addition to environmental risk factors, genetic predisposition increases the risk; this includes alterations in the vitamin D receptor gene (). These alterations play a key role in modifying vitamin D uptake, being able to modify its function and increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the gene and risk of CVD in a Caucasian population. A retrospective case-control study was conducted comprising 246 CVD patients and 246 controls of Caucasian origin from Southern Spain. The genetic polymorphisms (rs1544410), (rs731236), (rs7975232), (rs2228570) and (rs11568820) were determined by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. The logistic regression analysis adjusted for body mass index and diabetes revealed that the TT genotype was associated with a higher risk of CVD in both the genotypic model ( = 0.0430; OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.06-5.37; TT vs. CC) and the recessive model ( = 0.0099; OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.31-6.07; TT vs. C). Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype GAC ( = 0.047; OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12-0.98) was associated with increased risk of CVD. The polymorphisms (rs2228570) was significantly associated with the development of CVD. No influence was observed of the polymorphisms (rs1544410), (rs731236), (rs7975232) and (rs11568820) on the risk of developing CVD in the patients studied.