Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland.
Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 29;27(15):4862. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154862.
Due to its carcinogenic properties, the presence of formaldehyde in resins and other industrial products has been a subject of great concern in recent years. The presented review focuses on modern alternatives for the production of wood-based panels; i.e., substitutes for formaldehyde in the production of amino and phenolic resins, as well as novel hardeners for formaldehyde-free wood adhesives. Solutions in which formaldehyde in completely replaced are presented in this review. Recent advances indicate that it is possible to develop new formaldehyde-free systems of resins with compatible hardeners. The formaldehyde substitutes that have primarily been tested are glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and dimethoxyethanal. The use of such substitutes eliminates the problem of free formaldehyde emission originating from the resin used in the production of wood-based panels. However, these alternatives are mostly characterized by worse reactivity, and, as a result, the use of formaldehyde-free resins may affect the mechanical and strength properties of wood-based panels. Nonetheless, there are still many substantial challenges for the complete replacement of formaldehyde and further research is needed, especially in the field of transferring the technology to industrial practice.
由于其致癌特性，近年来，树脂和其他工业产品中甲醛的存在一直是人们关注的焦点。本文重点介绍了生产木质板材的现代替代方法，即生产氨基和酚醛树脂时替代甲醛的物质，以及用于无甲醛木材胶粘剂的新型硬化剂。本文介绍了完全替代甲醛的解决方案。最近的进展表明，有可能开发出具有相容硬化剂的新型无甲醛树脂体系。主要测试过的甲醛替代品有乙二醛、戊二醛、糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛和二甲氧基乙醛。使用这些替代品可以消除生产木质板材用树脂中游离甲醛排放的问题。然而，这些替代品的反应性大多较差，因此，使用无甲醛树脂可能会影响木质板材的机械和强度性能。尽管如此，要完全替代甲醛仍然存在许多重大挑战，需要进一步研究，特别是在将技术推向工业实践的领域。
