Sarika P R, Nancarrow Paul, Khansaheb Abdulrahman, Ibrahim Taleb
Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE.
Khansaheb Industries, Airport Road, Rashidiya, PO Box 13, Dubai, UAE.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Sep 28;12(10):2237. doi: 10.3390/polym12102237.
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.
酚醛（PF）树脂自首次合成以来，在树脂行业占据主导地位已逾百年。其具有多种特性，如热稳定性、耐化学性、耐火性和尺寸稳定性，使其成为适用于广泛应用领域的材料。PF树脂已在木材工业中用作粘合剂，在油漆和涂料中使用，并且在航空航天、建筑和建筑业中用作复合材料和泡沫材料。目前，石油是制造PF树脂所用原材料的主要来源。然而，日益严重的环境污染和化石燃料枯竭促使各行业寻求石油基原材料的可持续替代物。在过去十年中，研究人员已用木质素、单宁、腰果酚、羟甲基糠醛和乙二醛等可持续材料替代苯酚和甲醛，以生产生物基PF树脂。目前正在研究几种合成改性方法，以改善生物基酚醛树脂的性能。本综述讨论了PF树脂合成方面的最新进展，特别是那些由可持续原料替代品制成的树脂，以及为改善机械性能而应用于合成路线的改性方法。
