State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 7;22(15):5889. doi: 10.3390/s22155889.
The maritime transport of containers between ports accounts for the bulk of global trade by weight and value. Transport impedance among ports through transit times and port infrastructures can, however, impact accessibility, trade performance, and the attractiveness of ports. Assessments of the transit routes between ports based on performance and attractiveness criteria can provide a topological liner shipping network that quantifies the performance profile of ports. Here, we constructed a directed global liner shipping network (GLSN) of the top six liner shipping companies between the ports of Africa, Asia, North/South America, Europe, and Oceania. Network linkages and community groupings were quantified through a container port accessibility evaluation model, which quantified the performance of the port using betweenness centrality, the transport impedance among ports with the transit time, and the performance of ports using the Port Liner Shipping Connectivity Index. The in-degree and out-degree of the GLSN conformed to the power-law distribution, respectively, and their R-square fitting accuracy was greater than 0.96. The community partition illustrated an obvious consistence with the actual trading flow. The accessibility evaluation result showed that the ports in Asia and Europe had a higher accessibility than those of other regions. Most of the top 30 ports with the highest accessibility are Asian (17) and European (10) ports. Singapore, Port Klang, and Rotterdam have the highest accessibility. Our research may be helpful for further studies such as species invasion and the planning of ports.
港口间的集装箱海运占全球按重量和价值计算的贸易的大部分。然而，港口间的运输阻抗（通过中转时间和港口基础设施）会影响可达性、贸易表现和港口的吸引力。根据性能和吸引力标准对港口间的过境路线进行评估，可以提供量化港口性能概况的拓扑线性航运网络。在这里，我们构建了一个由非洲、亚洲、北美/南美、欧洲和大洋洲的前六大班轮航运公司之间的港口组成的有向全球班轮航运网络 (GLSN)。通过集装箱港口可达性评估模型来量化网络链路和社区分组，该模型使用中间中心性来量化港口的性能，使用中转时间来量化港口间的运输阻抗，以及使用港口班轮航运连通性指数来量化港口的性能。GLSN 的入度和出度分别符合幂律分布，其 R 平方拟合精度大于 0.96。社区分区与实际交易流明显一致。可达性评估结果表明，亚洲和欧洲的港口具有更高的可达性。在可达性最高的前 30 个港口中，大多数（17 个）是亚洲港口和（10 个）欧洲港口。新加坡、巴生港和鹿特丹的可达性最高。我们的研究可能有助于进一步研究，如物种入侵和港口规划。
