French G L, Ling J, Chow K L, Mark K K
Epidemiol Infect. 1987 Jun;98(3):285-99. doi: 10.1017/s095026880006204x.
The bacterial populations of six freshwater streams in populated areas of the Hong Kong New Territories were studied. There is considerable faecal contamination of these streams, with coliform counts as high as 10(5) c.f.u./ml and the contaminating organisms show a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and multiple resistance. With direct plating of water samples onto antibiotic-containing media, an average of 49% of the gram-negative bacteria were ampicillin-resistant, 3% chloramphenicol-resistant and 1% gentamicin-resistant. At individual sites resistance to these drugs was as high as 98%, 8% and 3% respectively. More than 70% of strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics, 29% to five or more and 2% to eight or more. A total of 98 patterns of antibiotic resistance were detected with no one pattern predominating. Twenty-eight gram-negative bacterial species were identified as stream contaminants. Escherichia coli was the commonest bacterial species isolated and other frequent isolates were Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp., but no enteric pathogens were detected. The greatest prevalence of resistance and multiple resistance was associated with the heaviest contamination by E. coli. Analysis of selected stream isolates revealed multiple plasmid bands arranged in many different patterns, but multiple antibiotic resistances were shown to be commonly mediated by single transferable plasmids. Faecally-contaminated freshwater streams in Hong Kong may be reservoirs of antibiotic resistance plasmids for clinically-important bacteria.
对香港新界人口密集地区六条淡水溪流中的细菌种群进行了研究。这些溪流存在大量粪便污染，大肠菌群计数高达10(5) c.f.u./ml，且污染微生物显示出高比例的抗生素耐药性和多重耐药性。将水样直接接种到含抗生素的培养基上，平均49%的革兰氏阴性菌对氨苄青霉素耐药，3%对氯霉素耐药，1%对庆大霉素耐药。在个别采样点，对这些药物的耐药率分别高达98%、8%和3%。超过70%的菌株对两种或更多种抗生素耐药，29%对五种或更多种耐药，2%对八种或更多种耐药。共检测到98种抗生素耐药模式，没有一种模式占主导地位。鉴定出28种革兰氏阴性细菌为溪流污染物。大肠杆菌是最常分离出的细菌种类，其他常见分离菌为肠杆菌属、克雷伯菌属和柠檬酸杆菌属，但未检测到肠道病原体。耐药性和多重耐药性的最高比例与大肠杆菌的最严重污染相关。对选定的溪流分离菌进行分析，发现多个质粒带呈现许多不同模式，但多重抗生素耐药性通常由单个可转移质粒介导。香港受粪便污染的淡水溪流可能是临床上重要细菌的抗生素耐药性质粒的储存库。
