Singh Vijender, Kumar Akash, Gupta Snehil
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 26;13:898009. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898009. eCollection 2022.
Extant literature has established the effectiveness of various mental health promotion and prevention strategies, including novel interventions. However, comprehensive literature encompassing all these aspects and challenges and opportunities in implementing such interventions in different settings is still lacking. Therefore, in the current review, we aimed to synthesize existing literature on various mental health promotion and prevention interventions and their effectiveness. Additionally, we intend to highlight various novel approaches to mental health care and their implications across different resource settings and provide future directions. The review highlights the (1) concept of preventive psychiatry, including various mental health promotions and prevention approaches, (2) current level of evidence of various mental health preventive interventions, including the novel interventions, and (3) challenges and opportunities in implementing concepts of preventive psychiatry and related interventions across the settings. Although preventive psychiatry is a well-known concept, it is a poorly utilized public health strategy to address the population's mental health needs. It has wide-ranging implications for the wellbeing of society and individuals, including those suffering from chronic medical problems. The researchers and policymakers are increasingly realizing the potential of preventive psychiatry; however, its implementation is poor in low-resource settings. Utilizing novel interventions, such as mobile-and-internet-based interventions and blended and stepped-care models of care can address the vast mental health need of the population. Additionally, it provides mental health services in a less-stigmatizing and easily accessible, and flexible manner. Furthermore, employing decision support systems/algorithms for patient management and personalized care and utilizing the digital platform for the non-specialists' training in mental health care are valuable additions to the existing mental health support system. However, more research concerning this is required worldwide, especially in the low-and-middle-income countries.
现有文献已证实各种心理健康促进和预防策略的有效性，包括新型干预措施。然而，仍缺乏涵盖所有这些方面以及在不同环境中实施此类干预措施所面临的挑战和机遇的全面文献。因此，在当前的综述中，我们旨在综合关于各种心理健康促进和预防干预措施及其有效性的现有文献。此外，我们打算强调各种新型心理健康护理方法及其在不同资源环境中的意义，并提供未来的方向。该综述强调了：（1）预防精神病学的概念，包括各种心理健康促进和预防方法；（2）各种心理健康预防干预措施（包括新型干预措施）的当前证据水平；（3）在不同环境中实施预防精神病学概念及相关干预措施所面临的挑战和机遇。尽管预防精神病学是一个广为人知的概念，但它是一种未得到充分利用的公共卫生策略，无法满足人群的心理健康需求。它对社会和个人的福祉有着广泛影响，包括那些患有慢性疾病的人。研究人员和政策制定者越来越意识到预防精神病学的潜力；然而，其在资源匮乏地区的实施情况较差。利用新型干预措施，如基于移动和互联网的干预措施以及混合式和分阶段护理模式，可以满足人群巨大的心理健康需求。此外，它以一种减少污名化、易于获取且灵活的方式提供心理健康服务。此外，采用决策支持系统/算法进行患者管理和个性化护理，以及利用数字平台对非专业人员进行心理健康护理培训，是对现有心理健康支持系统的宝贵补充。然而，全球范围内对此还需要更多研究，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家。
