Frattaroli Natalie, Geljic Mia, Runkowska Dominika, Darke Hayley, Reddyhough Caitlin, Mills Taylor, Mitchell Matthew, Hill Rachel, Carter Olivia, Sundram Suresh
Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University. Level 3 P-Block, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Redmond Barry Building, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
Schizophr Res Cogn. 2022 Aug 5;30:100266. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100266. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Well characterised cognitive and perceptual impairments in schizophrenia may not be diagnostically specific with some studies suggesting no significant differences between psychotic disorders. This transdiagnostic ambiguity is paralleled in the boundary distinctions between psychotic disorders and the sub-threshold symptomatology of schizotypy. The current study used the CNTRACS test battery to explore if performance deficits in visual integration, relational memory and goal maintenance were specific to schizophrenia or extend to other psychotic disorders; and if task performance varied between individuals with schizophrenia and schizotypy in healthy adults. The sample consisted of healthy controls, and patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders and non-psychotic disorders who were tested in person; and an online sample of self-assessed healthy adults. No significant differences were found in performance between patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in contrast to non-psychotic disorders and healthy controls. The high schizotypy group performed better on the tasks compared to the other psychoses and schizophrenia groups. There were no differences in the healthy control group between individuals with high versus low schizotypy or between in-person and online task performance. These findings support the notion that cognitive and perceptual impairments in schizophrenia extend to other psychotic disorders but are discontinuous with schizotypy. This study provides insights into similarities between schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders with regards to the potential neural substrates underpinning these functions and supports the use of online tools for assessing domains of cognition and perception.
精神分裂症中特征明确的认知和感知障碍在诊断上可能并不具有特异性，一些研究表明，精神病性障碍之间没有显著差异。这种跨诊断的模糊性在精神病性障碍与分裂型人格障碍的阈下症状之间的界限区分中也有体现。本研究使用CNTRACS测试组合来探究视觉整合、关系记忆和目标维持方面的表现缺陷是精神分裂症所特有的，还是会扩展到其他精神病性障碍；以及精神分裂症患者和健康成年人中的分裂型人格障碍患者在任务表现上是否存在差异。样本包括健康对照组，以及符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版》（DSM-IV）精神分裂症、其他精神病性障碍和非精神病性障碍标准并接受当面测试的患者；还有一个自我评估的健康成年人在线样本。与非精神病性障碍患者和健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者和其他精神病性障碍患者在表现上没有显著差异。与其他精神病和精神分裂症组相比，高分裂型人格障碍组在任务上表现更好。在健康对照组中，高分裂型人格障碍者与低分裂型人格障碍者之间，以及当面测试和在线任务表现之间没有差异。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即精神分裂症中的认知和感知障碍会扩展到其他精神病性障碍，但与分裂型人格障碍不连续。本研究为精神分裂症和其他精神病性障碍在支撑这些功能的潜在神经基质方面的相似性提供了见解，并支持使用在线工具来评估认知和感知领域。
