Faculty of Medicine, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
Cancer Immunology Project Interest Group (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Oct;178:103782. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103782. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a clinical disease that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Amongst its underlying risk factors, cancer is of great importance. Stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability result in clot formation and VTE. Cancer can affect coagulability by favoring these three factors, resulting in VTE incidence. Immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach, targeting cancer by immune system enhancement. VTE is one of the most important adverse effects of immunotherapy, which complicates the administration of immunotherapy in cancer patients. The current review provides a brief overview of VTE epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, the relationship of cancer and cancer immunotherapy to VTE incidence, and managing cancer-associated VTE.
静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）是一种临床疾病，包括深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞。在其潜在的危险因素中，癌症是非常重要的。静止、内皮损伤和高凝状态导致血栓形成和 VTE。癌症可以通过促进这三个因素来影响凝血，从而导致 VTE 的发生。免疫疗法是一种通过增强免疫系统来靶向癌症的新的治疗方法。VTE 是免疫疗法的最重要的不良反应之一，这使癌症患者的免疫疗法的管理变得复杂。目前的综述简要概述了 VTE 的流行病学、病理生理学、危险因素、生物标志物、癌症与癌症免疫疗法与 VTE 发生率的关系，以及癌症相关 VTE 的管理。
