Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2022 Sep;19(9):993-1011. doi: 10.1038/s41423-022-00897-8. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have become key tools in biology, medicine and even engineering. After their initial use to resolve viral structures at the atomic level, VLPs were rapidly harnessed to develop antiviral vaccines followed by their use as display platforms to generate any kind of vaccine. Most recently, VLPs have been employed as nanomachines to deliver pharmaceutically active products to specific sites and into specific cells in the body. Here, we focus on the use of VLPs for the development of vaccines with broad fields of indications ranging from classical vaccines against viruses to therapeutic vaccines against chronic inflammation, pain, allergy and cancer. In this review, we take a walk through time, starting with the latest developments in experimental preclinical VLP-based vaccines and ending with marketed vaccines, which earn billions of dollars every year, paving the way for the next wave of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines already visible on the horizon.
病毒样颗粒 (VLPs) 已成为生物学、医学甚至工程学领域的重要工具。在最初被用于解析原子水平的病毒结构之后，VLPs 很快被用于开发抗病毒疫苗，随后又被用作展示平台，以生成任何类型的疫苗。最近，VLPs 被用作纳米机器，将具有治疗作用的产品递送到体内的特定部位和特定细胞。在这里，我们重点关注 VLP 在开发具有广泛适应证的疫苗方面的应用，这些疫苗的适应证范围从针对病毒的经典疫苗到针对慢性炎症、疼痛、过敏和癌症的治疗性疫苗。在这篇综述中，我们将沿着时间的脉络进行回顾，从最新的实验性基于 VLP 的疫苗的研发进展开始，一直到已经上市的疫苗，这些疫苗每年带来数十亿美元的收益，为已经在眼前的预防性和治疗性疫苗的下一波浪潮铺平了道路。
