Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Oct;111:109128. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109128. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown a vast range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to life-threatening symptoms. To figure out the cause of this heterogeneity, studies demonstrated the trace of genetic diversities whether in the hosts or the virus itself. With this regard, this review provides a comprehensive overview of how host genetic such as those related to the entry of the virus, the immune-related genes, gender-related genes, disease-related genes, and also host epigenetic could influence the severity of COVID-19. Besides, the mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 leading to emerging of new variants per se affect the affinity of the virus to the host cells and enhance the immune escape capacity. The current review discusses these variants and also the latest data about vaccination effectiveness facing the most important variants.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发的病原体，其临床表现从无症状到危及生命的症状不等。为了找出这种异质性的原因，研究表明宿主或病毒本身都存在遗传多样性的痕迹。有鉴于此，本综述全面概述了宿主遗传因素（如与病毒进入相关的基因、免疫相关基因、性别相关基因、疾病相关基因）以及宿主表观遗传因素如何影响 COVID-19 的严重程度。此外，SARS-CoV-2 基因组中的突变导致新变体的出现本身会影响病毒对宿主细胞的亲和力，并增强免疫逃逸能力。本综述讨论了这些变体以及面对最重要变体时疫苗有效性的最新数据。
