National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), via del Mare, 3 Campobello di Mazara, Italy.
National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), via del Mare, 3 Campobello di Mazara, Italy; University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 3):135822. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135822. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Specimens of Sparus aurata were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Hg and Cd for 25 days and the levels of both metals were investigated in organs and tissues. Bioaccumulation of Hg decreased as follow: gills > kidney > liver > skin > muscle, while the order of Cd bioaccumulation was: liver > kidney > gills > skin > muscle. Immediately after exposure, both metals showed the highest bioaccumulation in gills and skin indicating that these organs are reliable targets for biomonitoring studies after short term exposure. Metals introduction caused a significant time-dependent concentrations increase in kidney and liver, while in the muscle a significant increase of Hg was recorded only at the end of the experimentation. The effects of exposure were also investigated, at biochemical level, in the liver, which represents the main target of xenobiotics biotransformation and metabolism in fish. Exposed fishes exhibited a reduction of total lipid level, a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), together with a MDA increase. This suggests a direct effect of contaminants on oxidative stress induction that, through the MDA increase, altered the membrane fatty acids composition decreasing the PUFA content. As it regards molecular markers related to oxidative stress and lipid metanolism, a significant increase of Nrf2, Hif-1α and Ampk and a decrease of Fas were observed after exposure to both metals, while an Nf-kB increase was recorded in specimens exposed to Hg, docuemnting a correlation with oxidative stress and consequent metabolism adaptation. Finally, these results suggest the possibility to adopt these biomarkers to explore fish metabolic responses to environmental pollution.
将 Sparus aurata 暴露于亚致死浓度的 Hg 和 Cd 中 25 天，并研究了这两种金属在器官和组织中的水平。Hg 的生物积累顺序为：鳃>肾>肝>皮>肌肉，而 Cd 的生物积累顺序为：肝>肾>鳃>皮>肌肉。暴露后，两种金属在鳃和皮中表现出最高的生物积累，表明这些器官是短期暴露后生物监测研究的可靠靶标。金属的引入导致肾和肝中的浓度呈时间依赖性显著增加，而肌肉中仅在实验结束时记录到 Hg 的显著增加。还在肝脏中研究了暴露的生化水平的影响，肝脏是鱼类中异生物质生物转化和代谢的主要靶标。暴露的鱼类表现出总脂质水平降低，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）减少，同时 MDA 增加。这表明污染物对氧化应激诱导有直接影响，通过 MDA 的增加，改变了膜脂肪酸组成，降低了 PUFA 含量。至于与氧化应激和脂质代谢相关的分子标志物，在暴露于两种金属后，观察到 Nrf2、Hif-1α 和 Ampk 的显著增加和 Fas 的减少，而在暴露于 Hg 的标本中记录到 NF-kB 的增加，表明与氧化应激和随后的代谢适应有关。最后，这些结果表明可以采用这些生物标志物来探索鱼类对环境污染的代谢反应。
