Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Oct 15;311:119917. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119917. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Understanding the differences in the approaches used to assess household air pollution (HAP) is crucial for evaluating HAP-related health effects and interpreting the effectiveness of stove-fuel interventions. Our review aims to understand how exposure to HAP from solid fuels was measured in epidemiological studies in children under five. We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Global Health Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL to identify English-language research articles published between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2022. Two researchers applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria independently. Study region, type of measurement, study design, health outcomes, and other key characteristics were extracted from each article and analyzed descriptively. Our search strategy yielded 2229 records, of which 185 articles were included. A large proportion was published between 2018 and 2022 (42.1%), applied a cross-sectional study design (47.6%), and took place in low- or lower middle-income countries. Most studies (130/185, 70.3%) assessed HAP using questionnaires/interviews, most frequently posing questions on cooking fuel type, followed by household ventilation and cooking location. Cooking frequency/duration and children's location while cooking was less commonly considered. About 28.6% (53/185) used monitors, but the application of personal portable samplers was limited (particulate matter [PM]: 12/40, 30.0%; carbon monoxide [CO]: 13/34, 38.2%). Few studies used biomarkers or modeling approaches to estimate HAP exposure among children under five. More studies that report household and behavioral characteristics and children's location while cooking, apply personal exposure samplers, and perform biomarker analysis are needed to advance our understandings of HAP exposure among infants and young children, who are particularly susceptible to HAP-related health effects.
了解评估家庭空气污染（HAP）所采用方法的差异对于评估 HAP 相关健康影响和解释炉灶燃料干预措施的有效性至关重要。我们的综述旨在了解在五岁以下儿童的流行病学研究中，如何测量来自固体燃料的 HAP 暴露。我们在 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库、全球卫生图书馆、Web of Science 和 CINAHL 中进行了检索，以确定 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 4 月 30 日期间发表的英文研究文章。两名研究人员独立应用纳入和排除标准。从每篇文章中提取研究区域、测量类型、研究设计、健康结果和其他关键特征，并进行描述性分析。我们的搜索策略产生了 2229 条记录，其中 185 篇文章被纳入。其中很大一部分是在 2018 年至 2022 年期间发表的（42.1%），采用了横断面研究设计（47.6%），并且发生在低收入和中低收入国家。大多数研究（130/185，70.3%）使用问卷/访谈评估 HAP，最常询问烹饪燃料类型，其次是家庭通风和烹饪地点。烹饪频率/持续时间和儿童在烹饪时的位置考虑较少。约 28.6%（53/185）使用监测器，但个人便携式采样器的应用有限（颗粒物 [PM]：12/40，30.0%；一氧化碳 [CO]：13/34，38.2%）。很少有研究使用生物标志物或建模方法来估计五岁以下儿童的 HAP 暴露。需要更多报告家庭和行为特征以及儿童烹饪时位置、应用个人暴露采样器和进行生物标志物分析的研究，以提高我们对婴儿和幼儿 HAP 暴露的理解，这些儿童特别容易受到 HAP 相关健康影响。
