General movements assessment and Alberta Infant Motor Scale in neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants.

AIM

We aimed to compare the General Movement Assessment (GMA) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) in preterm infants for the prediction of cerebral palsy (CP) and neurodevelopmental delay (NDD). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic compatibility of the General Movement Optimality Score (GMOS), the Motor Optimality Score (MOS), and AIMS for detecting CP and NDD.

METHOD

Seventy-five preterm infants with gestational age (GA) 24-37 weeks were enrolled. Group 1 was composed of infants with 24-28 GA (n = 22); groups 2 and 3 consisted of infants with 29-32 GA weeks (n = 23) and 33-37 GA (n = 30) weeks, respectively. The infants were assessed during the writhing period, the fidgety period, and at 6-12 months of corrected age with GMOS, MOS, and AIMS, respectively.

RESULTS

In the writhing period, a cramped-synchronized pattern was observed in 17 (22%) infants, whereas a poor repertoire pattern was observed in 34 (45%) infants. In the fidgety period of the 63 infants, 29 (46%) presented with fidgety movements absent. The MOS and AIMS scores of the infants in group 1 were significantly lower than the other groups, which were statistically significant (p = 0.004, p˂0.001). High and positive compatibility (Kappa coefficient: 0.709; p = 0.001) was found between AIMS and GMOS scores and between AIMS and MOS scores (Kappa coefficient: 0.804; p < 0.001). In all groups, a statistically significant association was found between total GMOS scores (p = 0.003) and the presence of fidgety movements (p = 0.003). GMOS, MOS, and AIMS were found to be associated with CP and NDD (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

GMA is an important tool for the prediction of CP and NDD. The combined use of GMOS, MOS, and AIMS may guide the clinical practice for the valid and reliable diagnosis of CP and NDD.