Einspieler Christa, Bos Arend F, Spittle Alicia J, Bertoncelli Natascia, Burger Marlette, Peyton Colleen, Toldo Moreno, Utsch Fabiana, Zhang Dajie, Marschik Peter B
Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience-iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Clin Med. 2024 Apr 13;13(8):2260. doi: 10.3390/jcm13082260.
The general movement optimality score (GMOS) quantifies the details of general movements (GMs). We recently conducted psychometric analyses of the GMOS and developed a revised scoresheet. Consequently, the GMOS-Revised (GMOS-R) instrument necessitated validation using new percentile ranks. This study aimed to provide these percentile ranks for the GMOS-R and to investigate whether sex, preterm birth, or the infant's country of birth and residence affected the GMOS-R distribution. We applied the GMOS-R to an international sample of 1983 infants (32% female, 44% male, and 24% not disclosed), assessed in the extremely and very preterm period (10%), moderate (12%) and late (22%) preterm periods, at term (25%), and post-term age (31%). Data were grouped according to the World Bank's classification into lower- and upper-middle-income countries (LMICs and UMICs; 26%) or high-income countries (HICs; 74%), respectively. We found that sex and preterm or term birth did not affect either GM classification or the GMOS-R, but the country of residence did. A lower median GMOS-R for infants with normal or poor-repertoire GMs from LMICs and UMICs compared with HICs suggests the use of specific percentile ranks for LMICs and UMICs vs. HICs. For clinical and scientific use, we provide a freely available GMOS-R scoring sheet, with percentile ranks reflecting socioeconomic stratification.
一般运动最优性评分（GMOS）对一般运动（GMs）的细节进行量化。我们最近对GMOS进行了心理测量分析，并制定了一份修订后的评分表。因此，GMOS修订版（GMOS-R）工具需要使用新的百分位数进行验证。本研究旨在提供GMOS-R的这些百分位数，并调查性别、早产或婴儿的出生国及居住国是否会影响GMOS-R的分布。我们将GMOS-R应用于1983名婴儿的国际样本（32%为女性，44%为男性，24%未披露），这些婴儿在极早早产期（10%）、中度（12%）和晚期（22%）早产期、足月儿期（25%）和过期产儿期（31%）接受评估。数据分别根据世界银行的分类分为中低收入国家（LMICs和UMICs；26%）或高收入国家（HICs；74%）。我们发现，性别和早产或足月出生对GM分类或GMOS-R均无影响，但居住国却有影响。与高收入国家的婴儿相比，来自中低收入国家的GM表现正常或较差的婴儿GMOS-R中位数较低，这表明中低收入国家与高收入国家应使用特定的百分位数。为了临床和科学使用，我们提供了一份免费的GMOS-R评分表，其百分位数反映了社会经济分层。
