Fauziah Nisa, Ar-Rizqi Muhammad Abdurrahman, Hana Sofia, Patahuddin Nurul Mufliha, Diptyanusa Ajib
Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Advanced Biomedical Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 3;2022:8929025. doi: 10.1155/2022/8929025. eCollection 2022.
As a high-burden neglected tropical disease, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a major problem in the world, especially among children under five years of age. Since young children are at high risk of being infected, STH infection can have a long-term negative impact on their life, including impaired growth and development. Stunting, a form of malnutrition in young children, has been long assumed as one of the risk factors in acquiring the STH infections. However, the studies on STH infection in children under five with stunting have been lacking, resulting in poor identification of the risk. Accordingly, we collected and reviewed existing related research articles to provide an overview of STH infection in a susceptible population of stunted children under five years of age in terms of prevalence and risk factors. There were 17 studies included in this review related to infection with , , hookworm, and from various countries. The prevalence of STH infection in stunted children ranged from 12.5% to 56.5%. Increased inflammatory markers and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis might have increased the intensity of STH infection in stunted children that caused impairment in the immune system. While the age from 2 to 5 years along with poor hygiene and sanitation has shown to be the most common risk factors of STH infections in stunted children; currently there are no studies that show direct results of stunting as a risk factor for STH infection. While stunting itself may affect the pathogenesis of STH infection, further research on stunting as a risk factor for STH infection is encouraged.
作为一种高负担的被忽视热带病，土壤传播的蠕虫（STH）感染仍是全球的一个主要问题，尤其是在五岁以下儿童中。由于幼儿感染风险高，STH感染会对其生活产生长期负面影响，包括生长发育受损。发育迟缓是幼儿营养不良的一种形式，长期以来一直被认为是感染STH的风险因素之一。然而，关于五岁以下发育迟缓儿童感染STH的研究一直缺乏，导致对风险的识别不足。因此，我们收集并综述了现有的相关研究文章，以概述五岁以下发育迟缓易感儿童中STH感染的患病率和风险因素。本综述纳入了17项来自不同国家的关于蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫和蛲虫感染的研究。发育迟缓儿童中STH感染的患病率在12.5%至56.5%之间。炎症标志物增加和肠道微生物群失调可能增加了发育迟缓儿童中STH感染的强度，导致免疫系统受损。虽然2至5岁的年龄以及卫生条件差已被证明是发育迟缓儿童感染STH最常见的风险因素；但目前尚无研究表明发育迟缓是STH感染的风险因素的直接结果。虽然发育迟缓本身可能影响STH感染的发病机制，但鼓励进一步研究发育迟缓作为STH感染的风险因素。
