Multifunctional Imaging of Vessels, Brown Adipose Tissue, and Bones in the Visible and Second Near-infrared Region Using Dual-Emitting Polymer Dots.

Dual-emitting polymer dots (dual-Pdots) in the visible and second near-infrared (NIR-II) region can facilitate the high-resolution imaging of the fine structure and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in in vivo imaging. Herein, combining high brightness of Pdots and multi-scale imaging, we synthesized dual-Pdots using a simple nano-coprecipitation method and performed multi-functional imaging of vessels, brown adipose tissue, and bones. Results showed that in vivo blood vessel imaging had a high resolution of up to 5.9 μm and bone imaging had a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.9. Moreover, dual-Pdots can accumulate in the interscapular brown adipose tissue within 2 min with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.8. In addition, the prepared dual-Pdots can image the lymphatic valves and the frequency of contraction. Our study provides a feasible method of using Pdots as nanoprobes for multi-scale imaging in the fields of metabolic disorders, skeletal system diseases, and circulatory systems.