Kellermann Robin, Sivizaca Conde Daniel, Rößler David, Kliewer Natalia, Dienel Hans-Liudger
Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Work, Technology and Participation, Cluster Mobility Research, Berlin, Germany.
Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Information Systems, Berlin, Germany.
Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect. 2022 Sep;15:100668. doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2022.100668. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
The COVID-19 pandemic marked a global disruption of unprecedented scale which was closely associated with human mobility. Since mobility acts as a facilitator for spreading the virus, individuals were forced to reconsider their respective behaviors. Despite numerous studies having detected behavioral changes during the first lockdown period (spring 2020), there is a lack of longitudinal perspectives that can provide insights into the intra-pandemic dynamics and potential long-term effects. This article investigates COVID-19-induced mobility-behavioral transformations by analyzing travel patterns of Berlin residents during a 20-month pandemic period and comparing them to the pre-pandemic situation. Based on quantitative analysis of almost 800,000 recorded trips, our longitudinal examination revealed individuals having reduced average monthly travel distances by ∼20%, trip frequencies by ∼11%, and having switched to individual modes. Public transportation has suffered a continual regression, with trip frequencies experiencing a relative long-term reduction of ∼50%, and a respective decrease of traveled distances by ∼43%. In contrast, the bicycle (rather than the car) was the central beneficiary, indicated by bicycle-related trip frequencies experiencing a relative long-term increase of ∼53%, and travel distances increasing by ∼117%. Comparing behavioral responses to three pandemic waves, our analysis revealed each wave to have created unique response patterns, which show a gradual softening of individuals' mobility related self-restrictions. Our findings contribute to retracing and quantifying individuals' changing mobility behaviors induced by the pandemic, and to detecting possible long-term effects that may constitute a "new normal" of an entirely altered urban mobility landscape.
新冠疫情标志着一场规模空前的全球大混乱，这与人员流动密切相关。由于人员流动是病毒传播的促进因素，人们被迫重新审视各自的行为。尽管众多研究已发现首次封锁期间（2020年春季）的行为变化，但缺乏能洞察疫情期间动态变化及潜在长期影响的纵向视角。本文通过分析柏林居民在20个月疫情期间的出行模式，并将其与疫情前的情况进行比较，来研究新冠疫情引发的出行行为转变。基于对近80万次记录行程的定量分析，我们的纵向研究发现，个人平均每月出行距离减少了约20%，出行频率减少了约11%，且转向了单人出行模式。公共交通持续衰退，出行频率相对长期下降了约50%，出行距离相应减少了约43%。相比之下，自行车（而非汽车）是主要受益者，与自行车相关的出行频率相对长期增长了约53%，出行距离增加了约117%。通过比较对三波疫情的行为反应，我们的分析表明每一波疫情都产生了独特的反应模式，显示出个人与出行相关的自我限制在逐渐放松。我们的研究结果有助于追溯和量化疫情引发的个人出行行为变化，并检测可能构成完全改变的城市出行格局“新常态”的长期影响。
