Bony Sylvie, Pichon Nathalie, Ravel Catherine, Durix Andrée, Balfourier François, Guillaumin Jean-Jacques
Centre INRA de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix/Lyon, UMR 188, Toxicologie et Métabolisme Comparés des Xénobiotiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, BP 83, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
Centre INRA de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix/Lyon, UMR Amélioration et Santé des Plantes, 234 Avenue du Brézet, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France.
New Phytol. 2001 Oct;152(1):125-137. doi: 10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00231.x.
• Variability in the fungal endophytes of 83 natural populations of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) from Europe was assessed. • One plant per population was used for endophyte isolation and mycotoxin analysis. Variability in three isozymes, colony morphology and growth rate on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and synthesis of ergovaline, lolitrem B and peramine was recorded. • Three species were found among 94 strains isolated: Neotyphodium lolii, Neotyphodium sp. (LpTG-2) and Gliocladium-like. The most frequent species was N. lolii, which showed high variability. In 12 populations, a single plant harboured two different endophytes. One-third of the isolates of N. lolii did not produce ergovaline whereas a few isolates did not produce lolitrem B. Ergovaline and lolitrem B-deficient strains, but not the few peramine-deficient isolates, had characteristic morphologies on PDA. No isolate was deficient for both ergovaline and lolitrem B synthesis. • Selection of ergovaline and lolitrem-deficient strains based only on the morphology of the isolates in culture may be possible.
• 对来自欧洲的83个多年生黑麦草自然种群的真菌内生菌变异性进行了评估。
• 每个种群选取一株植物用于内生菌分离和霉菌毒素分析。记录了三种同工酶的变异性、在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）上的菌落形态和生长速率，以及麦角缬氨酸、洛替米B和哌嗪的合成情况。
• 在分离出的94个菌株中发现了三个物种：黑麦草内生真菌、Neotyphodium sp.（LpTG - 2）和类粘帚霉属。最常见的物种是黑麦草内生真菌，其表现出高度变异性。在12个种群中，一株植物含有两种不同的内生菌。三分之一的黑麦草内生真菌分离株不产生麦角缬氨酸，而少数分离株不产生洛替米B。缺乏麦角缬氨酸和洛替米B的菌株，但少数缺乏哌嗪的分离株除外，在PDA上具有特征性形态。没有分离株同时缺乏麦角缬氨酸和洛替米B的合成。
• 仅根据培养物中分离株的形态选择缺乏麦角缬氨酸和洛替米的菌株可能是可行的。
