Winwood Paul W, Keogh Justin W L, Travis S Kyle, Pritchard Hayden J
Department of Sport and Recreation, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand.
Department of Sport and Recreation, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Apr 1;37(4):829-839. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004324. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Winwood, PW, Keogh, JW, Travis, SK, and Pritchard, HJ. The tapering practices of competitive weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 829-839, 2023-This study explored the tapering strategies of weightlifting athletes. Weightlifting athletes ( n = 146) (mean ± SD ; age: 29.2 ± 8.7 years, height: 172.5 ± 10.1 cm, body mass: 84.0 ± 17.2 kg, 4.7 ± 3.4 years of weightlifting training experience, and 3.9 ± 3.3 years of competitive weightlifting experience) completed a self-reported 4-page, 39-item internet survey on tapering practices. Subgroup analysis by sex (male and female) and competitive standard (local or regional, national and international level) was conducted. Ninety-nine percent ( n = 144) of weightlifting athletes reported they used a taper. Athletes stated that their typical taper length was 8.0 ± 4.4 days, with the linear (36%) and step tapers (33%) being the most performed. Training volume decreased during the taper by 43.1 ± 14.6%, and athletes ceased all training 1.5 ± 0.6 days out from competition. Muscular strength, light technique work, and aerobic conditioning were the most common types of training performed in the taper. Athletes typically stated that tapering was performed to achieve rest and recovery, physical preparation for peak performance and mental preparation; training intensity and training duration decreased whereas training frequency remained the same or decreased; traditional exercises were performed further out from competition than weightlifting exercises; assistance exercises and some strength work were reduced; nutritional changes, foam rolling, static stretching, and massage were strategies used in the taper; and poor tapering occurred because of training too heavy, too hard, or too light and life-work circumstances. These results may aid athletes and coaches in strength sports to optimize tapering variables leading to improved performances.
温伍德，PW，基奥，JW，特拉维斯，SK，以及普里查德，HJ。竞技举重运动员的减量训练实践。《力量与体能研究杂志》37(4): 829 - 839，2023年——本研究探讨了举重运动员的减量训练策略。举重运动员（n = 146）（均值±标准差；年龄：29.2±8.7岁，身高：172.5±10.1厘米，体重：84.0±17.2千克，4.7±3.4年的举重训练经验，以及3.9±3.3年的竞技举重经验）完成了一份自我报告的4页、39项关于减量训练实践的网络调查问卷。按性别（男性和女性）和竞技水平（地方或区域、国家和国际水平）进行了亚组分析。99%（n = 144）的举重运动员报告他们采用了减量训练。运动员表示他们典型的减量训练时长为8.0±4.4天，其中线性减量（36%）和阶梯式减量（33%）最为常用。减量训练期间训练量减少了43.1±14.6%，运动员在比赛前1.5±0.6天停止所有训练。肌肉力量、轻技术训练和有氧训练是减量训练中最常见的训练类型。运动员通常表示进行减量训练是为了实现休息与恢复、为达到最佳表现进行身体准备和心理准备；训练强度和训练时长降低，而训练频率保持不变或降低；传统练习在离比赛较远时进行，而举重练习在离比赛较近时进行；辅助练习和一些力量训练减少；营养改变、泡沫轴放松、静态拉伸和按摩是减量训练中采用的策略；减量训练不佳是因为训练过重、过难、过轻以及生活工作情况。这些结果可能有助于力量项目的运动员和教练优化减量训练变量，从而提高成绩。
